ResumoEsta pesquisa objetiva realizar um estudo de "Transporte Colaborativo" para grandes volumes, especificamente para conjugação de cargas no transporte rodoviário. A proposta é desenvolver uma metodologia capaz de conciliar e flexibilizar as restrições impostas pelas janelas de tempo, de modo a interferir nos níveis hierárquicos de decisão, minimizando gastos em fretes e consolidando os conceitos de transporte colaborativo em uma aplicação real. No nível estratégico: contribuir no planejamento dos locais de armazenagem; no nível tático: determinar o momento e origem da retirada; e no nível operacional: tratar especificamente a execução da conjugação das cargas. A aplicação ocorre suportada por um banco de dados com 411.852 registros, utilizando modelagem matemática para um caso no agronegócio brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos são muito satisfatórios e projetarão redução no frete rodoviário da ordem de R$ 12,7 milhões por ano, na base de dados coletada, se a metodologia aqui proposta for implantada em sua plenitude.Palavras-chave: transporte rodoviário; colaboração; logística colaborativa. AbstractThis research proposes to carry out a study of Collaboration Transportation of large volumes, especially for conjugation of cargoes in the trucking transportation. This work presents a capable methodology to reconcile the needs of the transport with the imposed time windows restraints, coming to help in those restraints to interfere in hierarchy the decision levels. The interface in the strategic level is to contribute in the planning time of storage; the tactical planning level is to determination of the time windows and origin; the operational level is the specific operation from the conjugation of the shipments. The available primary database for the application to this case possesses 411.852 that support the application study in using a mathematical model. The results obtained were very satisfactory. Those results project a freight reduction about R$ 12,7 million per year, in the database available, if the methodology will be totally established.
Delivering cargo in big cities in developing countries is more difficult than in developed countries, mainly because the infrastructure and traffic conditions are worse. Planning cargo distribution in urban areas is an issue anyway in all populous cities, but it is a critical problem in developing countries. The best technical option may be to use smaller and lighter vehicles in order to impact the traffic less, be more agile, save the environment using cleaner fuel, and also to make it easier to access central areas inside commercial centers. Cost, however, is a fundamental issue in this scenario; delivering cargo with a lot of small trucks can be much more expensive than full truck loads using bigger vehicles, big trucks ask for space and the terrain values and traffic conditions are not favorable for them. It may be important to find a solution to fit each case; but a customized solution slows productivity down and impedes standard policies for cities and the community; it will also be a problem for multinational companies. The proposal of this paper is to present a methodology to apply an assessment before choosing the mode of cargo delivery in the urban area of populous cities in developing countries, thinking from the end of the delivery chain to the beginning, also brings the application to a real case. The target is to create a process to choose between the conventional method, privileging the agility, short storage and small trucks (having the commercial issue as the main focus); or to use cargo consolidation, fewer stops, and larger trucks (having the logistic issue as the main focus).
What is the best way to make deliveries in urban areas: with big trucks or small cargo vehicles? Which one is better if we think about environmental problems and traffic? Just one medium-sized truck can substitute fifteen small vehicles. A Collaborative transportation plan and operation between shippers, carriers and customers could solve this problem, but only a complete collaboration could do it. Fifteen small vehicles need fifteen different time slots to unload, with fifteen drivers and fifteen engines throwing out smoke and money in the air. This paper presents a proposal to plan collaborative transportation between big players (carrier, shippers and customers) to optimize transportation using trucks with cargo consolidated between various shippers going to one destination (a supermarket for example). The methodology used is a combination between collaborative planning (CPFR) and a mathematical model to optimize the fleet. This study brings the CPFR concept, in a practical approach, to urban deliveries, trying not to contribute just another case for optimization, but to lesson the environmental and traffic impacts on highly populated cities. The paper also presents a case study creating a great opportunity for the development of a methodology capable of contributing to the framing of collaborative transportation, as well as to alternatives, which mitigate issues caused by metropolitan cargo transportation. The case study is a real case concerning one of the biggest retail companies in the world, the Distribution Center in Brasilia (BDC), Brazil. The database has 18,314 lines with cargoes, trucks, information of receipt, goods and invoices.
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