Summary Biological specimens are intrinsically three dimensional; however because of the obscuring effects of light scatter, imaging deep into a tissue volume is problematic. Although efforts to eliminate the scatter by “clearing” the tissue have been ongoing for over a century, there have been a large number of recent innovations. This review introduces the physical basis for light-scatter in tissue, describes the mechanisms underlying various clearing techniques, and discusses several of the major advances in light microscopy for imaging cleared tissue.

Developments in geographic science and technology can increase our understanding of disease prevalence, etiology, transmission, and treatment.

The sudden outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) swept across the world in early 2020, triggering the lockdowns of several billion people across many countries, including China,

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The RET gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is alternatively spliced to two protein isoforms that differ in their C-terminal peptide sequences (RET9, RET51). These unique C-terminal tails produce distinct subcellular localizations and intracellular trafficking properties, which affect downstream signaling.