ports medicine clinicians commonly see athletes who have sustained a lower extremity injury or surgical intervention. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is to return the athlete to the highest functional level in the most efficient manner. Athletes must demonstrate normal range of motion, strength, proprioception, and coordination before safely returning to the playing field. Often, clinicians use impairments such as range of motion goniometric measurements, manual muscle testing, girth measurements, and isokinetic testing to assess when the athlete can safely resume unrestricted sporting activities. Additional information on functional performance would enhance the clinical decision-making process. Instruments used in assessing function include a subjective knee score questionnaire (10,15) and lower extremity functional performance testing.In an attempt to quantify "function," researchers have designed various functional performance tests which simulate the stresses about the knee encountered during athletic activities (9). Functional performance tests cannot detect specific abnormalities; however, they are useful in assessing lower limb function. According to Barber et a1 (2), their importance resulted from the fact that lower extremity function encompasses many variables, such as pain, swelling, crepitus, neuromuscular coordination, muscular strength, and joint stability. Furthermore, func- were .96, .95, and .96, and SEMs were 4.56 cm, 15.44 cm, and 15.95 cm, respectively,
(1995). Effect of running on anterior knee laxity in collegiate-level female athletes after ACL reconstruction. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 21, 233-239. ***Note: Figures may be missing for this format of the document ***Note: Footnotes and endnotes indicated with parentheses Abstract: Agility running activities are commonly used in the latter stages of rehabilitation for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, the effects of agility running on anterior knee laxity in these patients have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in anterior knee laxity before and after 30 minutes of agility running exercise. Subjects (N = 9) were female athletes (X age = 20.1 ± 1.5 years; height = 171.7 ± 10.4 cm; weight = 65.7 ± 8.6 kg) with unilateral ACL reconstruction (central1/3) patella tendon graft, postoperation range = 9-52 months, X = 24.2 months). Measurements were made at 20° and 90° of knee flexion bilaterally with KT-1000 arthrometry IMEDmetric, San Diego, CA) and recorded in millimeters of displacement. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures (p < 0.05). Results showed no statistical differences between the ACLreconstructed knee and the normal knee at 20° and 90° knee flexion. The authors conclude that the central 1/3 patella tendon graft performs comparable to the normal knee when stressed with agility running exercise; therefore, agility exercise is an appropriate, safe, short-term activity. Article: After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with the central 1/3 patella tendon graft, the goal of rehabilitation is to restore the patient to the highest possible functional level. Current surgical and rehabilitation concepts are designed to allow a more rapid return to functional activities with an acceptable level of stability and minimal alteration of joint mechanics (1,3,8,10,24,25). An activity commonly performed in the latter stages of rehabilitation for the ACL reconstructed patient is agility running which places a cyclic loading and unloading upon the knee joint (24,25). The function of all ligaments, including the ACL, is to stabilize, guide, and prevent excess joint motion (3). Load-deformation curves show that when the ACL is stressed below or to its yield point, it elastically returns to normal, and joint stability is maintained (3). However, cyclic
Objective:To provide information on research investigating the relationship between a knee effusion and quadriceps inhibitionData Sources:Peer-reviewed publications from 1965 to 1997 that investigated the effect of a knee effusion on quadriceps strength.Study Selection:The studies reviewed involved human subjects. Researchers have used active motion, electromyographic equipment, and isokinetics to measure changes in quadriceps strength after a knee effusion.DataSynthesis:Most studies reported that a knee effusion resulted in quadriceps inhibition and inferred that quadriceps inhibition would impair knee function.Conclusions:The authors believe that additional research is needed to better understand the effect of a knee effusion on knee function. Although a knee effusion might lead to quadriceps inhibition, other factors contribute to normal knee function and might allow enough compensation so that knee function is not affected significantly in the presence of certain effusions.
The purpose of this study was to assess the current characteristics of full-time faculty in baccalaureate dental hygiene programs in the United States. A mail questionnaire was sent to program administrators for distribution to faculty. Program response rate was 89.7 percent (26/29), and full-time faculty response rate was 68.3 percent (114/167). The percentage of dental hygiene faculty who are at the associate or assistant professor ranks was similar at 35.1 percent and 34.2 percent, respectively. Forty percent of faculty are not on a tenure track, and 38.6 percent are tenured. The faculty who responded to this survey were almost exclusively white (93.9 percent) and female (95.6 percent), and their average age was 50.2 years. Faculty reported several areas of dissatisfaction with the academic work environment, including lack of time available for student advisement, class preparation, and keeping current in field, as well as concerns about heavy workload and inadequate compensation. A majority of the respondents (56 percent [39/70]) indicated that they plan to retire from the labor force in ten years or less. Three conclusions may be drawn from the findings of this study: 1) there is a lack of diversity within the dental hygiene faculty, which currently consists primarily of white females with few underrepresented minorities and males; 2) if trends persist, there will be a noticeable shortage of dental hygiene educators in the future as faculty move toward retirement without equivalent numbers of younger individuals joining the ranks of the faculty; and 3) there is a lack of published information regarding dental hygiene faculty characteristics. To address the potential academic workforce shortage, we make two recommendations based indirectly on the findings of this study: 1) the American Dental Association should include more information on dental hygiene faculty characteristics in its existing annual survey of all accredited programs; and 2) the number of advanced education programs in dental hygiene should be increased.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of test protocol on concentric and eccentric torque production of the rotators of the shoulder. Twenty-eight female subjects were randomly assigned to participate in either a continuous (no pause between concentric and eccentric contractions) or interrupted (5-second pause between contractions) measurement protocol. A Kin-Corn dynamometer (Chattecx Corp., Hixson, TN) was used to obtain average torque measurements at so and 180 deg/sec for the shoulder rotators. Analysis of variance determined that there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in average torque between test protocols for either muscle group. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from 0.57 to 0.88 for the continuous protocol and from 0.83 to 0.94 for the interrupted protocol. Standard error of measurement estimates ranged from 0.7 to 1.5 Nm for the continuous protocol and from 0.5 to 1.4 Nm for the interrupted protocol. The results of this investigation demonstrate no differences in torque production between continuous and interrupted test protocols, although the interrupted measurement protocol provides greater reliability and precision of measurement than the continuous protocol when assessing torque production of the rotators of the shoulder.
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