Authenticity judgments involve how individuals distinguish what appears to be real versus fake, genuine versus phony. In this investigation, we bring authenticity into the laboratory to assess it in a manner quite different from most extant approaches. Taking a Peircian semiotic view in a context of environmentally conscious consumption, we develop and test a set of hypotheses concerning the effects of indexical and iconic cues to an authentic "green" product meaning. Results suggest that effects of these indicators of authenticity can be induced in a controlled manner with products being assessed as more or less "green" on the basis of particular cue arrangements. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these semiotic cues is moderated by a basic distinction among products. Taken together, the results provide evidence supporting a meaning validation process as the basis of authenticity judgments and suggest new directions for theory building in a domain where there is substantial practitioner interest.
EW controversies rage in psychology today with more vehemence and diversity of opinion than the matter of goals and program structure in the training of clinical psychologists (Hunt, 1969;Levy, 1962; Rodgers, 1964;Tryon, 1963). This obvious concern led to the "Chicago Conference," at which a number of psychologists deliberated about goals and program structure in the training of clinical psychologists. In their report (Hoch, Ross, & Winder, 1966), the conferees supported the PhD scientist-practitioner model with training based in departments of psychology. However, the report of the Chicago Conference did not still the turbulent waters. The University of Illinois has developed a Doctorate of Psychology (PsyD) program, and the California State Psychological Association is actively working toward the development of schools of professional psychology in California. 2 The National Council on Graduate Education in Psychology (Matulef & Rothenberg, 1968) has been recently founded for the explicit purpose of aiding the establishment of professional schools of psychology. Issues pertaining to the nature and extent of subdoctoral training in psychology have been documented by Albee (1968), Arnhoff and Jenkins (1969), Knott (1969), and Schofield (1969.Another area of debate is the relevance and responsiveness of clinical psychology to current societal problems. The timeliness of this issue is reflected in the theme of the 1969 APA Convention: Psychology and the Problems of Society.
The length of surgery for LRYGBPs continued to shorten beyond 400 operations for the first surgeon performing LRYGBP in our hospital. Previous fellowship training in LRYGBP shortened surgical times during initial clinical experience as an attending for the second surgeon. The learning curve was truncated because of the already established LRYGBP program.
This study found an overall 30-day readmission rate of 6.5% following bariatric operations at a high volume bariatric surgery program. This study supports the concept of bariatric surgery Centers of Excellence and accreditation of Bariatric Surgery Programs based on hospital volume of bariatric operations.
Laparoscopic colectomy is a difficult procedure with a long learning curve. We describe in this study our technique for right- and left-sided laparoscopic medial-to-lateral colectomy. The medial approach involves division of the vascular pedicle first, followed by mobilization of the mesentery toward the abdominal wall, and finally freeing of the colon along the white line of Toldt. This approach allows immediate identification of the plane between the mesocolon and the retroperitoneum and renders the dissection fast and safe. Our series of 50 consecutive laparoscopic colectomies supports this concept. We believe that surgeons familiar with this technique will have an important tool in their armamentarium to circumvent some of the challenges of laparoscopic colectomy.
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