The effects of citrulline malate (CM) on muscle recovery from resistance exercise remains unknown. We aimed to determine if citrulline malate supplementation improves muscle recovery after a single session of high-intensity resistance exercise (RE) in untrained young adult men. Nine young adult men (24.0 ± 3.3 years) participated in a double-blind crossover study in which they received 6 g of CM and placebo (PL) on two occasions, separated by a seven-day washout period. Each occasion consisted of a single session of high-intensity RE (0 h) and three subsequent fatigue tests sessions (at 24, 48, and 72 h) to assess the time course of muscle recovery. During the tests sessions, we assessed the following variables: number of maximum repetitions, electromyographic signal (i.e., root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF)), muscle soreness and perceived exertion, as well as blood levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate, insulin, and testosterone:cortisol ratio. CK levels increased at 24 h post-exercise and remained elevate at 48 and 72 h, with no difference between CM and PL conditions. Muscle soreness increased at 24 h post-exercise, which progressively returned to baseline at 72 h in both conditions. Lactate levels increased immediately post-exercise and remained elevated at 24, 48, and 72 h in both conditions. No significant treatment × time interaction was found for all dependents variables (maximum repetitions, perceived exertion, CK, lactate, RMS, MF, and testosterone:cortisol ratio) during the recovery period. In conclusion, our data indicate that CM supplementation (single 6 g dose pre-workout) does not improve the muscle recovery process following a high-intensity RE session in untrained young adult men.

In this work the characteristics of corrosion and inhibition of 1008 stainless steel in 0.5 mol.L-1 H 2 SO 4 were investigated by physical and electrochemical methods. Organic compounds containing the heteroatom of N as benzotriazole (BTAH), tolytriazole (TTAH) and mixtures of BTAH + TTAH were used as corrosion inhibitors. The techniques used were: open circuit potential, anodic potentiodynamic polarization measurements, chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, weight loss and optical microscopy. The anodic polarization showed that the increase of both concentrations BTAH or TTAH diminishes the current density in all the potential anodic range studied; these results together with the weight loss measurements suggest that the inhibitors act by blocking the surface and that the interaction among them is only of destructive nature when inhibiting efficiency is approximated 100%, revealing that at low concentration both inhibitors act without affecting the mechanisms of the cathodic processes, but the anodic polarization curves in presence of the TTAH showed a strong inhibitive effect in all the potential range studied. However, both gravimetric and electrochemical results suggest a synergic effect for the inhibitive efficiency of the mixture 1.10-3 mol.L-1 BTAH + 1.10-3 mol.L-1 TTAH.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training volume (1 vs. 3 sets) on lower-body muscle strength in untrained young men. Methodsː Eighteen untrained young men were recruited and their legs were trained with 1 or 3 sets (in a contralateral design) for 6 weeks, using a knee extension machine. Isokinetic peak torque and one repetition maximum (1RM) were assessed at pre-and post-training. Resultsː There was a similar improvement in the 1RM strength (1SET: +14.8% vs. 3SET: 16.3%, P > 0.05) and peak torque (1SET: +8.1% vs. 3SET: 9.3%, P > 0.05) for both conditions from pre-to post-training. The effect size (ES) for the change in 1RM was moderate for both conditions (1SET: 1.39 vs. 3SET: 1.41), and peak torque was trivial and small for 1SET (0.47) and 3SET (0.55), respectively. Additionally, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the dietary intakes from pre-to posttraining. Conclusionsː Our results indicate that 1 set is as effective as 3 sets for increasing lower-body muscle strength after a short-term RT period (6 weeks) in untrained young men.