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Other notations are self-explanatory, and initials are those of the authors (DCS, DJG, WK). An unpublished compilation of recharge references by Arnon Arad sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization during a training period with the U.S. Geological Survey was also used. The bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author. Where an author has more than one publication, the arrangement is chronological; where an author has more than one publication in a given year, a, b, c,. .. are added. The indexing is by subject and geographic location. Each article was assigned the key words or phrases to best characterize its contents. Units of measure are as they were in the original article; abbreviations retained are generally those in common use such as mg/1 (milligrams per liter), ppm (parts per million), gpm (gallons per minute), km (kilometers), m (meters), cu m per hr (cubic meters p^r hour), cfs (cubic feet per second), me/1 (milliequivalents per liter), psi (pounds per square inch), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), sq m (square meters), gpd (gallons per day), and mgd (million gallons per day). The bibliography was prepared because of the worldwide interest in the field of artificial recharge and the need for a single source of references to the literature published since 1954. The work is a sequel to the "Annotated Bibliography on Artificial Recharge of Ground Water Through 1954," by D. K. Todd, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1477, published in 1959. 4 ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE lagoons, containing suspended organic matter largely in the form of live algae, can be applied to dune sand overlying suitable subsoil layers without the danger of clogging and without marked diminution of the infiltration rate. The recharged water, subsequently recovered from properly spaced wells, can attain potable quality providing the spreading basins ar3 operated intermittently. (From author's conclusions.

The quality of mine water in the 75 square-mile Western Middle anthracite field was determined by sampling discharges and boreholes at about 60 abandoned and flooded mines during 1975-78. Geologically, the field is a synclinal basin, divided by parallel faults into more than a score of smaller basins that contain the coal deposits. An estimated 1.6 billion (1,600,000,000) tons of anthracite were mined. Most of the deep mines are now closed and flooded. The Vulcan-Buck Mountain mine, east-northeast of Mahanoy City, contains an estimated 6,100 acre-feet of water with a specific conductance of from 380 to 460 uS/cm (microsiemens), and a pH of from 4.4 to 4.6 units. Twenty-two mines are in the Mahanoy basin and the Shenandoah complex a 15-square mile area between Mahanoy City and Girardville. Seven of these mines, located in the Mahanoy basin, may contain 30,000 acre-feet of water. Specific conductance ranges from 630 yS/cm in the Tunnel mine to 1,800 uS/cm in the Gilberton mine. Fifteen of these mines are in the Shenandoah complex. Specific conductance ranges from 240 to 310 uS/cm in mines in the eastern end of the complex to 2,400 uS/cm in the western end. The specific conductance of water in eight mines near Mount Carmel ranges from 460 to 980 yS/cm. Seventeen mines are located near Shamokin; water from at least 12 mines drains into other mines before discharging at the surface. Water from the largest single discharge, 11 cubic feet per second, had a specific conductance of 950 yS/cm. The North Franklin mine near Trevorton, contains about 4,900 acre-ft of water with a specific conductance of about 1,100 uS/cm. 'An acre-foot of water is the amount required to cover one acre to the depth of one foot. It is equivalent to approximately 326,000 gal. Geologic Setting Geologically, the Western Middle anthracite field is a synclinal basin that is divided by parallel faults into 26 smaller basins that contain the coal deposits (figs. 2 and 3 on plate 1 at back of book). The most prominent of the coal basins is the 25-mile-long Mahanoy basin, which extends along the southern boundary of the Western Middle field from a point 5 miles east of Mahanoy City to about the same distance west of Locust Gap. The Mahanoy basin is separated from the rest of the basins that comprise the Western Middle field by the Suffolk fault, which extends from east of Mahanoy City to Girardville, and by the Locust Gap fault, which extends from Girardville to west of Locust Gap. North and northwest of Mahanoy City are eight basins that will be referred to collectively as the Shenandoah complex. They are the Mahanoy City,

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Numerous small coal refuse piles dot the landscape in the eastern coal producing areas. These refuse piles most often are aesthetic eyesores and contribute to water quality degradation due to AMD and excessive sediment discharged to receiving streams. These refuse piles generally constitute priority 3 problems under OSM Title IV abandoned mine lands (AML) program. Due to the low priority and limited funding of the AML program, there is little likelihood for their reclamation. Local stakeholders favor corrective action regarding these wastes due to their contribution to the pollution of surface and ground water, to a degrading esthetic effect and to the loss of land values occupied by the piles. This study reviews chemical and physical characteristics of selected refuse piles and the environmental problems that they cause. It presents data showing size and location of these features. The study covers six states in Appalachia (Alabama, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia). It also reviews past and current approaches to reclamation and remediation of the environmental problems associated with the piles. Identification of small refuse piles and their physical and chemical characteristics will greatly aid their cleanup and subsequent reclamation by the economical removal of the coal contained within the piles. These piles constitute a viable resource. Data presented in this report indicate that it is economically feasible to remine many of these pilesthey still contain burnable coal and thus can be burned directly in small cogeneration facilities or cleaned at modem facilities to recover the coal. Other uses for coal refuse may include: surface and subsurface fill, road base, light weight aggregate, cement, mineral-chemical recovery, and mixing with a cohesive material to form a low cost briquette fuel.