Bi-directional signaling between ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) and dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) in skeletal muscle serves as a prominent example of conformational coupling. Evidence for a physiological mechanism that upon depolarization of myotubes tightly couples three calcium channels, DHPR, RyR1, and
Electrical conductivities were measured for aqueous solutions of sodium -carrageenan, sodium heparin, and sodium dextran sulfate in NaCl and Na2S04 solution at 25 °C. Measurements were also made on diethylaminoethyldextran chloride, a polyelectrolyte of low charge density, in aqueous NaCl and CaCl2. The polyelectrolyte concentration ranged from 0.000050 to 0.010 N in 0.000 50, 0.0010, 0.0050, and 0.0100 N simple salt so as to keep the polyelectrolyte-simple salt ratio between 0.1 and 10. Anomalous behavior was found for sodium dextran sulfate. The correlation between the experimental results and the Manning limiting law for electric transport is discussed. An empirical treatment of the data using a modified expression for the additivity of simple salt and polyelectrolyte conductivities was found to have a theoretical justification. For salt-containing polyelectrolyte solution, the theoretical equations for conductivity were developed for the case where the charge density of the polyelectrolyte is less than the critical charge density.
Because millimolar concentrations of local anesthetics are within the range measured in spinal cord during intrathecal and epidural procedures, these results are consistent with a direct action of local anesthetics on tachykinin-mediated neurotransmission during regional anesthesia.
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