ResearchEffect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study AbstractBackground: The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of EPA/DHA supplementation on resting and exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in exercisetrained men. Fourteen men supplemented with 2224 mg EPA+2208 mg DHA and a placebo for 6 weeks in a random order, double blind cross-over design (with an 8 week washout) prior to performing a 60 minute treadmill climb using a weighted pack. Blood was collected pre and post exercise and analyzed for a variety of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Blood lactate, muscle soreness, and creatine kinase activity were also measured.

Gated31P-nuclear magnetic resonance followed the metabolic fluctuation in rat gastrocnemius muscle during a contraction cycle. Within 16 ms after stimulation, the phosphocreatine (PCr) level drops 11.3% from its reference state. The PCr minimum corresponds closely to the time of maximum force contraction. Pi increases stoichiometrically, while ATP remains constant. During a twitch, PCr hydrolysis produces 3.1 μmol ATP/g tissue, which is substantially higher than the reported 0.3 μmol ATP ⋅ twitch−1 ⋅ g tissue−1 derived from steady-state experiments. The results reveal that a substantial energy fluctuation accompanies a muscle twitch.

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