The aim of this research was to investigate the potential effect of methanolic extract of Scurrula atropurpurea (MESA) in reducing oxidative stress through observation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in mice. In this research, 25 male mice were divided into four groups with five replications. Group I (K1, without MESA) was considered as a control group, while Group II (K2), III (K3), and IV (K4) were given 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg MESA/kg BW, respectively. After 14 days, SOD activity and MDA concentration were measured spectrophotometrically. The SOD activity did not significantly increased (P>0.05) in group K1, K2, K3, and K4 with values were 19.469±2.072, 17.4±1.373, 20.53±3.411, and 23.87±2.528 U/ml, respectively. In contrast, MDA concentration was decreased (P>0.05) with values of 492.750±19.418, 492.750±19.418, 457.125±30.095, 454.625±19.080, and 475.875±37.659 ng/mL in groups K1, K2, K3, and K4, respectively. It can be concluded that the administration of MESA tend to increase SOD activity and decrease MDA concentration in this study, thus might be able to reduce oxidative stress in mice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: acute toxicity, MESA, mice, oxidative stress ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan laktosa pada berbagai konsentrasi dalam pengencer Tris kuning telur terhadap kualPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek ekstrak Scurrula atropurpurea (MESA) terhadap penurunan stres oksidatif melalui observasi aktivitas superoxide dismutase (SOD) dan konsentrasi malondialdehyde (MDA) pada mencit. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 25 mencit jantan yang dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Kelompok I (K1, tanpa MESA) merupakan kelompok kontrol, sedangkan Kelompok II (K2), III (K3), dan IV (K4) masing-masing diberikan 1.000, 2.000, dan 4.000 mg MESA/kg bobot badan. Setelah 14 hari, aktivitas SOD dan konsentrasi MDA diukur menggunakan spektrofotometri. Aktivitas SOD meningkat secara tidak signifikan (P>0,05) pada K1; K2; K3;469±2,072; 17,4±1,373; 20,53±3,411, dan 23,87±2,528 U/ml. Sebaliknya,750±19,418; 492,750±19,418; 457,125±30,095; 454,625±19,080; dan 475,875±37,659 ng/ml pada K1; K2; K3; dan K4. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian MESA cenderung meningkatkan aktivitas SOD dan menurunkan konsentrasi MDA sehingga diduga mampu mengurangi stress oksidatif pada mencit.litas spermatozoa ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: toksisitas akut, MESA, mencit, stres oksidatifperanakan Etawa, laktosa, preservasi,
<p>Chronic hyperglycemia is one of the signs of human type-2 diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance and depletion. This study aimed to evaluate hexane, ethanolic, and aqueous leaf extracts of Urena lobata as antihyperglycemic agent. Design of this study was a post-test only control group using 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 5 groups. High fructose diet (HFD) ad libitum and single dose of intraperitoneal streptozocin (STZ) (25 mg/kgBW) were administered to induce diabetes in rats. Three groups of the diabetic rats orally received 500 mg/kgBW of only a type of leaf extract of U. lobata for 4 weeks. Insulin serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Size, shape, and density of the islet cells were observed by light microscope. Blood glucose level and the area under curve (AUC) of serial oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. The U. lobata leaf extracts of three types of solvent all increased serum insulin level and improved β cells condition, also decreased the AUC of the OGTT series in diabetic rats. Values were compared with untreated diabetic rats (p<0,05). The aqueous leaf extract of U. lobata was the best in increasing insulin serum level, recovering islet cells condition, and correcting blood glucose level. The hexane extract showed poor results when compared to the other soluble agents.</p>
Inflammation is the basic for the pathogenesis of several diseases both of degenerative and non-degenerative disease. Urena lobata is a medicinal plant that can be found in Indonesia and has been used traditionally to cure influenza, inflammation and fever. However, there have been few reports about their anti-inflammatory activity and their mechanism action are still unclear. The aim of study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of active substances from U.lobata leaf and their pharmacokinetic property through in silico study. lobata leaf was extracted by digeration methods using ethanol solvent. Therefore, the active substances in the extract was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectra (LC-MS). Pharmacokinetic property and physicochemical of active compounds were evaluated using pkCSM online tool. Anti-inflammatory activity of U. lobata active compound on phospholipase-A2 (PLA-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5) were evaluated by in silico study. Ethanolic extract of U. lobata contained five active compound, there are stigmasterol, ?-sitosterol mangiferin, gossypetin and chrysoeriol. Molecular docking study indicated stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol of U. lobata have a strong activity as anti-inflammatory based on the estimation of inhibition constant (Ki) value against PLA2 and COX-2. Meanwhile, mangiferin and gossypetin have a stronger anti-inflammatory effect on LOX-5 among others compound. U. lobata has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition on COX-2 greater than on PLA2 and LOX-5.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a joint disease, chronically cause permanent joint impairment leading to inability of daily life activities. Early diagnosis and preventive managements of RA are recommended to overcome the disease. The current drugs provide benefits for RA patients, unfortunately could not be used for long period and as prevention agents, due to the adverse effects. Even though clinical and laboratory studies of pomegranate for osteoarthritis and RA had been done, the effects of the pomegranate peel on MMP-9, TNF-α, and IL-6 of RA are still unrevealed. TNF-α promotes inflammation process in RA and collaborates with osteoclasts to trigger osteoporosis. IL-6 shows negative effect on osteoblasts differentiation and MMP-9 stimulates cartilage degradation and inflammation mediated by synovial fibroblast. This study measured TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9, and arthritis score (AS) of RA rats treated with ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel (EPP) to evaluate its potency as a RA prevention agent. Male Lewis rats (three groups, five each), 200 g, received 80 mg, 160 mg, and 320 mg of EPP/rat respectively, in alternate day, within 60 days. On the 30th day, the rats were subcutaneously injected with 0,1 ml mycobacterium-complete Freund's adjuvant (1 mg/mL) on plantar of the right hind paws to induce RA. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry processed-synovial MMP-9 slices of ankle joints were evaluated by light microscope (400× magnification). Arthritis score of Smit was used to determined AS. Data were analyzed by Kruskall Wallis, Mann Whitney U, and Pearson correlation test. p < 0.05 was significant. The EPP of 320 mg corrected serum TNF-α and IL-6, and synovial MMP-9 of RA rats (p < 0.05). No significant change was observed in arthritic score following the EPP treatment (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate the EPP may potential to be developed as preventive agent of rheumatoid arthritis.
Latar Belakang Hipertensi adalah penyakit berbahaya namun demikian timbulnya penyakit dan akibat buruknya bisa dicegah. Penyakit ini sering ada tanpa memberikan gejala yang didasari penderita. ”Menjaga kesehatan lebih baik dari pada mengobati” merupakan anjuran yang belum dilaksanakan sepenuhnya oleh individu maupun masyarakat. Menjadi tugas tenaga kesehatan untuk terus memberi dan mengingatkan masyarakat untuk melaksanakan hal tersebut. Salah satu sarana untuk melaksanakan hal tersebut adalah melalui program pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin dan berkelanjutan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di slah satu kelurahan di Kabupaten Malang. Tujuan Program ini yaitu untuk mendekatkan pelayanan kesehatan dengan masyarakat dan mendeteksi penyakit-2 utamanya hipertensi. Metode Pelaksanaan kegiatan di lakukan di Balai Kelurahan, salah satu keluharan di Kabupaten Malang. Peserta berjumlah 150 warga dari 11 RW yang tersebar diwilayah ini. Peralatan yang digunakan adalah: Sphygmomanometer, stetoscope, Timbang badan, alat ukur tinggi badan, kit pemeriksaan kimia darah (pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu, lemak darah, asam urat), Media cetak (brosur) tentang anjuran hidup bersih dan menjaga kesehatan lebih baik dari mengobati. Hasil Sebanyak 106 (70,7%) peserta berusia lebih dari tahun. Sebanyak 48 peserta (32%) berusia 51-60 tahun. Sejumlah 48 peserta (32%) adalah penderita prehipertensi (Standar JNC 7). Hipertensi tahap 1 ditemukan pada 20 peserta (13,3%), hipertensi tahap 2 terdapat pada 57 peserta (38%). Empat peserta (2,7%) terdiagnosa Diabetes melitus. Kesimpulan. 70,7% (106) peserta berumur lebih dari 50 tahun. 82, 60% (124) peserta terdeteksi memiliki hipertensi dan prehipertensi. Kegiatan ini direspon baik oleh masyarakat ditandai dengan kehadiran 150 peserta.
One of housekeeping genes is actin gene. This gene is frequently used in gene expression studies as an internal control. The DNA sequence encoding actin from Pandan (Benstonea sp.) clone Riau has not been reported, therefore, this study investigated the DNA sequence encoding actin isolated from Benstonea sp. clone Riau. Total DNA isolation was performed in fresh leaves, total RNA isolation from stem, total cDNA synthesis, polymerase chain reaction using degenerate actin primer, electrophoresis, cloning, transformation, blue white colony selection, colony PCR, sequencing, data analysis using BioEdit and MEGA6 softwares and BLASTn program. The partial DNA sequence encoding actin from Benstonea sp. clone Riau obtained was 1,403 bp. The sequence was grouped as part of actin1 (ACT1) and it was consisted of two exons and one intron. The predicted coding and peptide sequences were 616 bp and 205 amino acids, respectively. The predicted coding sequence had 90% similarity to some ACT1 mRNA from some plants species but none of which belongs to Benstonea genus or Pandanaceae family. The deduced peptide sequence had similarity to some ACT1 peptide from some plant species of up to 99% and also none of them belongs to Benstonea genus or Pandanaceae family. Thus, the partial ACT1 gene obtained in this study was the first sequence reported from Benstonea genus. Furthermore, this sequence can be used as a reference to isolate actin genes from other species within Benstonea genus for gene expression analysis purposes.
Fatty liver is an accumulation of lipid drops exceeding 5% of the total amount of liver, which can increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is associated with dyslipidemia, which the treatments for both condition are in common. Jati Belanda leaves, Kemuning leaves, Murbei leaves and Bangle rhizome (JKMB) are often used alone or in combination to improve dyslipidemia, but their effect on the liver is unknown.This study used an experimental post test control group method where 25 rats were acclimatized for 2 weeks. After that, the rats were divided into 5 groups including KN : normal feed, KP : DTLM feed, D1 : DTLM+ JKMB extract dose 189 mg/200gbb, D2 : DTLM+ JKMB extract dose 378 mg/200gbb, D3 : DTLM+ JKMB extract dose 756 mg /200gbb and treated for 12 weeks. JKMB extract was obtained in a ratio of 8: 3: 3: 7. After that, the rats were sacrificed and the liver tissue was stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. HE preparations were performed to calculate the percentage of liver fat at 400x magnification with 5 fields of view per slide.The results of the normality (0.200> 0.05) and homogeneity test (0.558> 0.05) were found to be normal. The ANOVA test was found to be significantly different (0.000< 0.05). The Post Hoc test found that the negative control was significantly different from the positive control (0.000 < 0.05). Positive control did not differ significantly with treatment doses D1 (0.094>0.05), D2 (0.186>0.05) and D3 (0.734>0.05).From the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the combination of extracts of Jati Belanda leaves, Kemuning leaves, Murbei leaves and Bangle rhizome extracts could not reduce the percentage of fatty liver.
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