NFCS and NIPS are suitable instruments for neonatal pain evaluation. Heart rate and O2 saturation can be used only as auxiliary methods.

Flight safety is one of the most important and frequently discussed issues in aviation. Recent accident inquiries have raised questions as to how the work of flight crews is organized and the extent to which these conditions may have been contributing factors to accidents. Fatigue is based on physiologic limitations, which are reflected in performance deficits. The purpose of the present study was to provide an analysis of the periods of the day in which pilots working for a commercial airline presented major errors. Errors made by 515 captains and 472 copilots were analyzed using data from flight operation quality assurance systems. To analyze the times of day (shifts) during which incidents occurred, we divided the light-dark cycle (24:00) in four periods: morning, afternoon, night, and early morning. The differences of risk during the day were reported as the ratio of morning to afternoon, morning to night and morning to early morning error rates. For the purposes of this research, level 3 events alone were taken into account, since these were the most serious in which company operational limits were exceeded or when established procedures were not followed. According to airline flight schedules, 35% of flights take place in the morning period, 32% in the afternoon, 26% at night, and 7% in the early morning. Data showed that the risk of errors increased by almost 50% in the early morning relative to the morning period (ratio of 1:1.46). For the period of the afternoon, the ratio was 1:1.04 and for the night a ratio of 1:1.05 was found. These results showed that the period of the early morning represented a greater risk of attention problems and fatigue.

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The intensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotic has increased cases of microorganisms resistance and becoming a worldwide public health problem. In the last years, from natural sources such as hen egg, have received special attention in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. This study aims to identify and characterize a new peptide from chicken egg of Gallus gallus domesticus. The peptide was isolated and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated through liquid growth inhibition assays. The peptide, Ovipin, presented antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Filamentous fungus and Yeast, not cause significant hemolytic effect against human erythrocytes. The molecular weight and amino acid sequence of the peptide was determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Ovipin primary sequence is YVSPVAIVKGLNIPL and a molecular weight of 1,581.94 Da. Ovipin shows 100% and 93.3%, respectively, sequence similarity with the fragments Apolipoprotein B of Gallus gallus and Apolipoprotein B of five others species of Aves. Our data suggest that Ovipin peptide could be a potential therapeutic candidate to be used in combination with other antimicrobial molecules or an alternative led compound for substitution the conventional antibiotics against infections developed by resistant microorganisms.