The paper reports on recent developments and challenges in reliable multicast communication, with special focus on reliable multicast communication at the application layer. The foundation of reliable multicast communication is given by several components, which are multicast communication, congestion control and error control. Our paper is providing a survey of these mechanisms in multicast environments. I. INTRODUCTION Group communication has emerged as one of the most important developments in Internet. Video conferencing, multimedia distribution, online gaming and long-distance education are today some of the most popular Internet applications, which generate large amounts of traffic. To support these applications, reliable multicast communication is a prerequisite. The purpose is to provide efficient and reliable communication services among a number of users, who are members of a multicast group. Traditional multicast communication demands for the presence of a multicast group, together with associated facilities for reliable multicast communication, to which the users can subscribe and participate. Even though IP multicasting was introduced twenty years ago [14], it is still not widely available as an open Internet service. Problems related to per-group state maintaining, scalability, reliability, congestion control and security have been postponing the wide deployment of IP multicast. On the other hand, other solutions have been developed for multicast service, to compensate for the above-mentioned limitations, e.g., MBone [18]. MBone provides an overlay network, which connects IP multicast capable islands by using unicast tunnel connections. Furthermore, other developments related to, e.g., video distribution and long-distance education, has further pushed the research and development of new alternative solutions for multicast, which are implemented at the application layer. Our paper is a survey on current solutions for multicast communication as well as on solutions for the provision of reliable communication in this context. By reliable multicast communication we mean a type of multicast communication that has included facilities of error and congestion control. The rest of the paper is as follows. Section II provides a survey of multicast communication. Section III presents some This work has been done within the research project "Routing in Overlay Networks (ROVER)", granted in 2006 by the EuroNGI NoE.
Abstract. This chapter is concerned with the impact of traffic correlations on the end-to-end delay of packets in a chain of IP routers represented by an open tandem queueing system. Particular consideration is given to Kleinrock's independence assumption on the performance impact of traffic correlation on packet switched networks with Poisson arrival processes and exponential packet length distributions. According to this assumption, any traffic correlations can be ignored and the effect on delay performance is negligible, subject to sufficient traffic mixing and moderate-to-heavy traffic loads. In this context, results associated with measurements, traffic modeling and delay analysis of an actual chain of IP routers are reported from experiments conducted at the Blekinge Institute of Technology in Karlskrona, Sweden. It is shown that no experimental evidence was found in support of Kleinrock's independence assumption as traffic correlation has an adverse effect on the end-to-end delay of the tandem queueing system.
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