Flatbed cutters are in increased demand and usage due to their developments in tool speed and size of the cutting area. The creasing tool on flatbed cutters are mostly creasing wheels as opposed to flat knives in die cutters. The wheel creases the paperboard in a way that can damage the top layer causing breaking in the printed surface visible after folding and sometimes even before. The end result can decrease the attractiveness of packaging and other creased paperboard products. This paper investigates the results of flatbed creasing of different types of printed paperboard and suggests possible solutions to the problem. Examined paperboards differed in grammage, grade, and thickness, and they were creased with different depth levels. The results indicated that some types of paperboard are not suitable for packaging even if they are adequate grammage. Furthermore, controlling the creasing depths can reduce ruptures of the top layer and improve final folding quality.
Pressure sensitive labels (PSL) are a growing part of graphic industry. In the past, their design and application were rather limited to basic packaging and product information while currently labels are receiving more and more attention because they are customer's first contact with a product. PSL composition includes release liner, adhesive and facestock. Facestock can be considered as the most important part of the label since its properties determine the final label appearance. Nowadays, facestock material can be both paper and filmic. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a comprehensive characterization of pressure sensitive labels facestock in order to investigate the future impact of optical dot gain on the print. Point spread function is a measure of scattering and absorption of light in the given substrate. It carries information regarding paper composition and its future behaviour in term of optical dot gain. In the study, seven different facestock substrates were examined, two made from biogenic polyethylene, and five paper based PSL facestocks, three of which are made from 15% agro industrial waste by-products (barley, citrus and grape). Point spread function of the substrates were obtained by projecting collimated red laser light source on the facestock of pressure sensitive labels. Although the laser light used in this experiment was characterized by a narrow beam width of 0.5 mm and low divergence, <1 mrad, the beam was further converged and then passed through a space filter to ensure collimation of the laser beam which was then incident perpendicular to the set sample. Laser profile was firstly obtained by photodiode profiling. Based on the measured values of light intensity, the laser light profile was determined, as well as the average beam width that was needed for further image analysis. Image of the light scattering within the substrate was obtained perpendicular to the surface with Canon EOS 5DS camera. From the obtained image, laser profile was removed, and the resulting profile gives the point spread function of the substrate. The resulting images were processed with commercially available image analysis software (ImageJ). The mean background intensity subtracted from each individual pixel was determined to remove the background effect, and the distribution of the scattered light profile was achieved. The results showed that facestock composition has a high influence on PSF shape and width.
Previous studies have shown that packaging design can influence people’s expectations regarding product attributes. This study explored the role of packaging visual design in presenting a nonvisual attribute (i.e. odor) by investigating consumers’ responses to various graphic designs displayed on perfume packaging. Particularly, the aim was to examine how different visual elements (such as patterns, photographs and illustrations) influence product choices, preferences and odor associations. 136 people participated in the study, with approximately equal numbers of males and females. They were presented with 10 packaging samples. The samples were of the same shape and size but with different visual elements. The results of the experiment confirmed that participants associated highly recognizable objects with their specific odors. For example, a lemon pattern was paired with a fresh smell, and an image of a rose was paired with a floral smell. On the other hand, when packaging presented odor-neutral objects, the participants’ responses were not uniform. The design which was associated with the largest range of smells was the one with a photograph of a human body, which was paired with three different perfume types (namely, floral, woody and oriental). When data were split by gender, the results suggested that men had a preference for regular and sharp visual shapes. Another relevant finding is that perception of perfume packaging can be influenced by age. Young participants mostly preferred abstract visual shapes for perfume presentations. The results of the choice task indicated that young participants were more sensitive to variations in design than mature participants. Furthermore, they associated most of the packaging designs with more than one type of smell. The findings can be useful for successful perfume packaging design, especially when young consumers are the main target audience.
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