Introduction: The birth of a child is a significant turning point in the life of a woman. It is a source of personal fulfilment, but also a great challenge. On the other hand, the inability to conceive a child in a natural way results in a serious distortion of a woman’s psychic balance. Becoming a mother is an indicator of personal fulfilment and the source of social acceptation. Therefore, both becoming a mother and the inability to conceive a child in a natural way may be seen as stressful factors that impact a woman’s life. Aim of the study: The research project aimed to analyze the differences in stress, resilience and satisfaction with relationship and sexual satisfaction between early-stage mothers, i.e., women having a child and childless women seeking pregnancy. Sample: The study involved 80 women—40 mothers and 40 infertile women. The mean age of the mothers was 31.10 yrs (SD = 3.76) and of the childless women seeking pregnancy—31.48 yrs (SD = 3.35). Both groups were homogenous with regards to education, place of residence, the form and time of their relationship with partners. Method: The perceived stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale PSS—Polish adaptation by Juczyński and Ogińska-Bulik. Resilience was measured with Personal Adaptation Scale (LIRS-pl)—Polish adaptation by Malina, Pooley and Harms. The quality of the relationship was measured using the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) adapted to Polish version by Suwalska-Barancewicz, Liberska and Izdebski and the sexual satisfaction was measured with the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire by Nomejko and Dolińska-Zygmunt. Results and conclusions: Statistical analyses indicate that the participating women differ in the level of perceived stress (higher among childless women seeking pregnancy; t = 2.721; p = 0.008), the depth/intensity of the relationship (higher among childless women seeking pregnancy; t = 2.376; p = 0.020) and conflict (higher among mothers; t = −2.829; p = 0.006). This research project proved that infertility and its consequences are not only negative. The research has shown that lower levels of relationship conflicts and greater commitment occur more frequently among infertile women than among mothers. Regardless of the observed differences in the studied sample, it is noteworthy that the compared groups are also similar to some extent. They neither differed in the level of personal resilience nor perceived support. Therefore, although the two experienced issues seem to be different, they may appear psychologically similar to some extent.
The aim of the study was to investigate the quality of communication and the factors that predict good communication in the partner relationship. 118 people (59 heterosexual couples) in the early adulthood participated in the study. The average age of the subjects was 34 years. The self-esteem of the respondents and their attachment style were considered to be important factors for the quality of partner communication measured by the Plopa Marriage Communication Questionnaire. Measurements of the independent variables were made using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale adapted by Łaguna, Dzwonkowska, and Lachowicz-Tabaczek (2008), and the Plopa Attachment Style Questionnaire.Analyzes carried out as part of the study have confirmed to a limited extent the importance of the attachment style and the level of self-esteem for the quality of communication between partners. The study provided further empirical evidence confirming that the trustful, safe attachment is a predictor of the positive, successful, and happy dyadic relationship as opposed to the unsure bonds patterns.
The birth of a child is a significant personal experience for a woman, but it is also an event of great social importance (Koronkiewicz, 2014). The arrival of an offspring changes forever the identity of a woman and her role both in her family and in the society. Motherhood can provide women with a sense of fulfillment and self-realization, but also give rise to conflict of roles, feeling overloaded with duties, discomfort, or health problems. Support from a close relationship partner is an important factor in self-esteem. It can be a source of happiness and satisfaction for a young mother. The results of numerous studies indicate that having children and a successful marriage are at the top of the hierarchy of values affecting one's happiness (Czapiński, Panek 2011; Miotk-Mrozowska, 2013). The study involved 336 mothers in the stage of early adulthood (average age M = 30.9, SD = 4.22). The quality of women's partner relationship and their self-esteem were considered to be important factors for their life satisfaction measured with the SWLS Scale adapted by Juczyński. The independent variables were measured with the Quality of Relationship Inventory adapted by Suwalska-Barancewicz, Izdebski and Liberska, and the SES Scale adapted by Łaguna, Dzwonkowska and Lachowicz-Tabaczek. The analyzes carried out as part of the study confirmed the importance of the quality of the partner relationship and the level of self-esteem for the life satisfaction of young mothers.
Relations of the Dimensions of Insecure Attachment with Personal Resources and Life Satisfaction in People with Schizophrenia Theoretical background: Personal resources are one of the attributes that protect against the destructive consequences of experiencing a difficult situation and that figure in the overall assessment of life satisfaction. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze whether the individual dimensions of attachment are related to the level of personal resources of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and their life satisfaction, and to identify mediators that determine the quality of these relationships. Study group: 50 people were tested. The average age of the respondents was 49 years. Method: The measurement of the variable attachment was made using Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised by Chris Fraley, Kelly Brennan and Neils Waller, in the Polish adaptation of Cezary Wiśniewski; the Life Satisfaction Scale by Zygfryd Juczyński was used to determine the variable satisfaction with life. The level of personal resources was measured using the Lifespan Individual Resilience Scale in the Polish adaptation of Alicja Malina, Julie Ann Pooley and Craig Harms. Results: The analyzes carried out in the course of the study confirmed the existence of significant relationships between the level of personal resources and life satisfaction. Research has also confirmed that there are significant links between attachment and life satisfaction, and between attachment and personal resources. It also turned out that the level of personal resources is an important mediator in the relation between avoidance and the level of life satisfaction in people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The level of personal resources and secure attachment correlate with a higher life satisfaction of people diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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