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The thin-coat finishing of textiles carried out by the sol-gel methods gain greater and greater importance owing to their suitability for the versatile functionalization of textiles to impart to them properties being difficult and even impossible to obtain with the use of conventional finishing methods. This article presents the test results of the thin-coat protective finishing of cotton fabrics against abrasion. This treatment consists in depositing hybrid SiO 2 */Al 2 O 3 sols synthesized from two precursors: (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy-silane and aluminum isopropoxide on fiber/fabric surface. The abrasion resistance of the fabric treated by the sol-gel method has been increased by about five times according to Martindale test and this effect is resistant to prolonged laundering.

This article presents the findings concerning the preparation and properties of cotton woven fabrics with a conductive network made of multiwall carbon nanotubes deposited on the fiber surface by the padding method. The next stage of treatment consisted of imparting superhydrophobic properties to the fabrics in solution with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) in a waterless medium. The tests performed show that the state of surface and water content in cotton fibers exerts a significant influence on the hydrophobic properties of the analyzed samples. In order to explain the differences in hydrophobic properties, the morphology of the cotton fabric surface was examined using samples with various water contents. The formation mechanism of MTCS coatings on cotton fabric has been proposed.

Zastosowanie wy³adowañ koronowych do modyfikowania warstwy wierzchniej w³ókienniczych materia³ów poliestrowychStreszczenie -Przedstawiono wyniki badañ oddzia³ywania wy³adowañ koronowych, generowanych przez skonstruowany przez nas zestaw urz¹dzeñ (PZU) do modyfikowania warstwy wierzchniej w³ókienniczych materia³ów polimerowych, na w³aoeciwooeci warstwy wierzchniej tkaniny poliestrowej (PET). Oceniono wp³yw jednostkowej energii (Ej) tych wy³adowañ na k¹t zwil¿ania i swobodn¹ energiê powierzchniow¹, w³oskowatooeae, wybarwialnooeae barwnikiem testowym, ilooeae grup kwasowych i zawartooeae tlenu w warstwie wierzchniej oraz na zmiany struktury geometrycznej powierzchni w³ókien badanego materia³u. Stwierdzono, ¿e wy³adowania koronowe pochodz¹ce z PZU powoduj¹ znaczn¹ poprawê zwil¿alnooeci modyfikowanej tkaniny, zwiêkszenie swobodnej energii powierzchniowej, a zw³aszcza jej sk³adowej polarnej oraz wzrost w³oskowatooeci. Wy³adowania te stymuluj¹ równie¿ powstawanie grup kwasowych oraz zwiêkszaj¹ zawartooeae tlenu w warstwie wierzchniej, a tak¿e wp³ywaj¹ na wyraŸne rozwiniêcie powierzchni w³aoeciwej w³ókien, nie zmniejszaj¹c przy tym w istotnym stopniu ich wytrzyma³ooeci mechanicznej. Badania potwierdzi³y s³usznooeae przyjêtej koncepcji konstrukcyjnej i funkcjonalnej zestawu urz¹dzeñ do wy³adowañ koronowych (PZU) umo¿li-wiaj¹cej uzyskanie efektów modyfikowania bez istotnych uszkodzeñ w³ókien modyfikowanego ma-teria³u. S³owa kluczowe: w³ókiennicze materia³y polimerowe, modyfikowanie warstwy wierzchniej, wy³adowania koronowe, urz¹dzenia do wy³adowañ koronowych, w³aoeciwooeci. APPLICATION OF CORONA DISCHARGE TO MODIFY THE SURFACE LAYER OF POLYESTER TEXTILESSummary -The results of investigations of the effects of corona discharge, generated by a tool set (PZU) constructed by us to modify the surface layers of polymeric textiles, on the properties of surface layer of polyester (PET) fabric are presented. The effects of unit energy (Ej) of corona discharge on the following factors were evaluated: contact angle and surface free energy (Table 1), capillarity (Fig. 1), dyeability with a test dye ( Table 2, Fig. 2), acidic groups' amount ( Fig. 3), oxygen content at a surface layer ( Fig. 4) and changes of geometrical structures of the fibers' surfaces of a material tested (Fig. 5). It was found that corona discharge coming from PZU caused a significant improvement in wettability, increase in surface free energy, especially its polar component, and growth in capillarity of the fabric modified. The corona discharge stimulated also the formation of acidic groups and increase in oxygen content in the surface layer. It also caused a significant specific surface development of a fiber without visible deterioration of mechanical strength. The investigations results confirmed that the design and functional quality of our corona discharge set were appropriate and the set made possible the modification of the fibers without substantial damages of the fibers of material modified.

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Changes of human serum albumin (HSA) and gamma globulins (γG), labelled with 1-pyrene-carboxaldehyde (PCA) and/or with 1,3-bis(1-pyrene)-propane (BPP), resulting from interactions with polystyrene (PS) and poly(styrene/acrolein) (PSA) latexes, were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The proteins in solution readily exchanged with the adsorbed proteins. The fluorescence spectra of the PCA label and BPP probe, incorporated into the protein macromolecules, indicate that the protein macromolecules undergo significant conformational changes on contact with the surface of the latex particles, and that these changes are not reversible. The internal fluidity for desorbed protein macromolecules is lower than before the interaction with the latex particles. Moreover, due to the conformational changes the PCA labels, formerly present in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic protein regions, became located predominantly in the latter. The differences in the emission spectra for the labelled proteins before attachment to the latex particles and after desorption were used to study the kinetics of the protein conformational changes. The

Cotton fabrics were modified by xerogel coatings with dispersed particles of graphene (Gr) or reduced graphene oxide (RGO). To obtain a stable dispersion of Gr or RGO in organo-silicon sol, sodium lauryl sulfate as an anionic surfactant was used. The fabrics were padded with the organo-silicon sol containing dispersed Gr or RGO, forming a thin xerogel coating after drying. The fabrics coated with the xerogel containing 0.5-1.5 wt% of RGO or Gr were prepared and examined. The best anti-static properties were obtained for the coating with 1.5 wt% of Gr, whose surface resistance and volume resistance were on the order of 10 5 and 10 3 X, respectively. Such properties make the fabric suitable for protective cloths in the environment with explosive atmosphere.