The studies, conducted by the authors over the past 30 years have shown that reinforced concrete structures in the process of processing into products receive technological (hereditary) damage at the micro and macro levels. The resulting damage and structural imperfections affect the operation and behavior of structures during operation. They change the strength, deformability, stress-strain state, the nature of the appearance and the development of force cracks, as well as the durability of the structures and systems. Therefore, it is important to analyze the occurrence of technological cracks and the causes of their genesis in reinforced concrete structures at micro and macro levels, the effect of this damage on the stress-strain state, crack resistance, deformability and durability during the operation. The subject of the study is concrete mixtures with different ratios of initial components, reinforced concrete structures that have got initial (technological) damage and the stress-strain state of bent elements at the crack tip, taking into account the dispersed damaging of the material structure. For the description of non-homogeneity of the material, linear and structural mechanics, as well as micromechanics, were used. Micromechanics allowed us to describe the interaction processes that occur between the individual components during the operation of the material and structure. The photoelasticity method made it possible to determine the stress distribution in regular-structure composites before cracks appeared at the micro level with stress concentration on inclusions. This made it possible to use the relations of the linear theory of elas
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