New design tools have enabled architects to explore complex geometries for building envelopes. Perforated Screens (PS) have gained popularity but their design is still intuitive, often focused on aesthetic and morphological criteria. Yet, there is a lack of guidelines or quantitative standards for designing optimal PS, in terms of their daylight provision, views outside, solar shading or energy performance. Since PS can greatly influence the interior conditions, it is essential to understand the effect of screen parameters, such as thickness, perforation percentage, separation distance, and others that are often manipulated by designers. This paper analyses the daylighting and shading performance of thick PS in office buildings. Five design parameters were simultaneously tested in terms of the annual daylight and solar irradiance contribution. Simulations were performed with DIVA-for-Grasshopper and the following metrics were accounted: useful daylight illuminance, actual daylight availability, and shading coefficients. Three orthogonal arrays allowed the selection of 64 PS configurations as representatives. The overall average of every metric was used as an approach to select all factors having a mean significantly different. The mean values were then established as 'Preferable' targets. Finally, design guidelines to plan thick PS used in front of South, East, and West glazed façades, in a Mediterranean climate, were proposed. The results highlighted the importance of selecting appropriate values for every design parameter to enhance the integrated performance of thick PS.
Design of shading systems is essential, since they plays an important role in the modulation of daylight and solar gains. Yet, current simulation tools are not capable of providing accurate results for both daylighting and energy performance simultaneously, especially when complex geometries are present. This work investigates whether shading coefficients (SC) can be applied to evaluate the performance of thin screens, and it compares the results to those obtained through other methods, such as the use of a fixed transmittance value over the whole year. Results showed that hourly SC can take into account the variability of total transmitted solar radiation throughout the year. As a result, the cooling energy reached reductions of up to 22 % in comparison to the use of a fixed transmittance value. SC also enabled the assessment of inter-reflections within the PS-glazing system, especially those resulted from varying the distance between the PS and glazing.
Bamboo is a promising material for structural use due to its mechanical properties and rapid growth. Currently, standards and codes to support the analysis and calculation of bamboo structures are still scarce. Even international standards do not include specifications for the design of complex geometries. This work aimed to verify the use of parametric tools to design complex shapes. First, the NSR-10 Colombian code was used to analytically solve and design the mechanical behavior of double-curved shells. Then, the results were compared to those calculated with the add-on Karamba3D. Lastly, verification was considered successful when both results coincided. Here, it should be noticed that the resultant data might lead to plastic deformation of the cylinder head. However, this work did not intend to formulate structural designs whose beams effectively support the requested stresses but focused on the verification of software applications. Once the software was verified, this work further analyzed the structural behavior of two double curvature geometries simulated with bamboo, showing that digital simulation tools have the potential to be applied during the early structural design phases.
La luz natural es un recurso disponible en gran cantidad por lo que debe ser usada, no sólo para potenciar el ahorro en energía eléctrica, sino también para crear ambientes confortables que redunden enel bienestar físico y psicológico de las personas y en aumentos de productividad. Empero, la luz natural es escasamenteutilizada en los proyectos, motivo por el cual este trabajo persigue integrar su aprovechamiento desde las primeras etapas del diseño arquitectónico. Se concentra en estudiar su comportamiento a través de la ventana, al ser ésta un componentebásico de los edificios. Para lograr esto, se generan modelos tridimensionales en los que se establecen parámetros fijos (localidad, tipo de cielo, geometría, índice de reflexión, etc) y variables de cálculo (parámetros de diseño de la ventana: orientación, tamaño, forma y posición) con diferentes rangos de variación. Seguidamente,se calculan diferentes métricas de luz natural mediante simulación computacional con el Ecotect y el Daysim. Las métricas son: Coeficiente de luz diurna (DF), Radiación Solar Incidente Media Horaria (Rad), Índice de Luz Natural Útil (UDI), Luz Natural Autónoma (DA), Luz Natural Autónoma Continua (DAcon) y Luz Natural Autónoma Máxima (DAmax). Los resultados son examinados estadísticamente y permiten estudiar la influencia de cada parámetro de diseño de la ventana en la incidencia de la luz natural. Con esto, se determinan las configuraciones de ventana más óptimas y se generan guías de diseño para la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán, que es el caso de estudio en este trabajo.
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