La calidad de planta que se produce en vivero es importante para lograr el establecimiento exitoso de plantaciones forestales. El objetivo del estudio que se describe consistió en evaluar el crecimiento y calidad de plantas de Gmelina arborea, especie que se ha adaptado, fácilmente, a las regiones tropicales húmedas y subhúmedas de México, con diferentes mezclas de sustrato mediante el sistema de producción tradicional en vivero. Se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, con seis tratamientos, cinco repeticiones y 25 plantas por unidad experimental. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: T1 (50 % tierra +50 % cascabillo de café), T2 (50 % tierra + 50 % aserrín (mezcla de Mangifera indica, Tabebuia rosea y Tabebuia donnell-smithii)), T3 (50 % tierra + 50 % cáscara de cacao), T4 (50 % tierra + 50 % bagazo de caña), T5 (50 % tierra + 50 % estiércol de ganado) y T6 (100 % tierra de monte). Después de 75 días de haber llevado a cabo la siembra, el análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas (P≤0.05) entre ellos, en las que el T5 generó los valores más altos en diámetro (8.76 mm), altura (66.08 cm), área foliar (1 097.42 cm2), biomasa total (11.48 g) e índice de calidad de Dickson (1.00). Se concluye que este sustrato produce plantas de calidad de la especie probada.
Los sistemas tradicionales en las zonas productoras de café (Coffea arabica) se desarrollan en ecosistemas bajo sombra, con amplia diversidad de especies de flora y fauna. En la actualidad, la composición florística original se ha modificado por cambios en el establecimiento de Inga spp. Por lo anterior, surge la importancia de conocer la diversidad y estructura arbórea actual del sistema agroforestal en el cultivo de café en el Soconusco, Chiapas. Para tal fin se establecieron 10 unidades de muestreo (UM) al azar en la región media del Soconusco Chiapas; con dimensiones de 1 000 m2 (20 x 50 m). Se registraron variables para identificar su estratificación vertical y horizontal, y se calcularon los Índices de valor de importancia (IVI), diversidad de especies arbóreas, Shannon-Wiener y Simpson. Se identificaron 23 especies arbóreas de una población de 279 árboles; a las plantaciones con mayor edad cronológica les correspondió mayor diversidad y estructura arbórea. La vegetación observada presentó estratos inferiores de <9 m y los superiores de >18 m. Los taxones con más presencia en las UM fueron Tabebuia donnell smithii, Inga micheliana, Cordia alliodora y Cedrela odorata. De acuerdo con los índices de diversidad de Simpson y Shannon-Wiener, la vegetación prevaleciente tiene poca diversidad de especies arbóreas. El mayor Índice de Valor de importancia se registró en Tabebuia donnell smithii e Inga micheliana.
Quality plant production in forest nurseries guarantees success in the establishment of commercial forest plantations andreforestation programs. Seedling quality refers to the appropriate morphological and physiological characteristics of plants tosurvive and grow satisfactorily under the environmental and ecological conditions of the place where they will be planted. Theobjective of this work was to know and describe the main cultural practices and evaluate the quality parameters of plants ofPrimavera (Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose), Roble (Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.) and Cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) that are producedfor marketing purposes in the El Campanario forest nursery located in the First Section of Izapa, municipality of Tuxtla Chico,Chiapas. The variables evaluated were total height, stem diameter, total biomass, as well as the shoot- root ratio, the sturdinessquotient, lignification index and Dickson quality index. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared with the results of other studies carried out in Mexico. From the results obtained, it is established that the cultural practices that are appliedin the nursery are adequate, which allows obtaining plants of good quality forest species. In terms of height and diameter, the threeforest species are within the established range to be planted in the field. Budget constraints make it difficult to increaseproductivity, but without a doubt, having the economic resources on time and sufficient for the sales of the plants on time, willallow better planning of the different activities and avoid delays in production.
It has now been shown that the basic density of wood is related to tree growth and carbon storage capacity, it also providesinformation such as the resistance, durability and quality of the wood, with this, the efficient use of wood in tropical species isdetermined. The objective of this research was to estimate the basic density of wood in three tropical species (Tectona grandis L. f.,Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Cedrela odorata L.). To estimate the basic density of the species, the empirical method was used,which consists of extracting a core from the tree using a pressler drill, at a breast height (1.30 m), once the 20 cores per specieshave been obtained, the small samples are dehydrated in a drying oven until a constant temperature is obtained, through this thebasic density per species was obtained. Once the density data was obtained they were subjected to an analysis of variance and latera Tukey test was applied. The statistical analysis indicates that, if there are significant differences between the species, where thehighest basic density occurred in Tectona grandis L. f. with 0.59 g/cm³, followed by Gmelina arborea Roxb. 0.44 g/cm³ and finallyCedrela odorata L. with 0.37 g/cm³, these values according to the wood classification indicate that teak and melina have mediumwood and cedar has low wood
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