This study is an exploratory, qualitative investigation of breast cancer survivors' experiences of paradox, following psycho-spiritual integrative therapy (PSIT). Previous studies examined the role of paradox in spiritual development among women diagnosed with cancer; this study investigated a psycho-spiritual intervention for multicultural cancer survivors. Twelve multicultural breast cancer survivors, from a sample of 30 women participants in an 8-week PSIT group intervention, were recruited from oncologists, hospitals, support groups, outpatient oncology centers, surgeons, radiation therapy centers, cancer events, and websites. We conducted semi-structured, open-ended interviews lasting 1-2 h regarding participants' experiences coping with cancer and their experience of PSIT. We transcribed interviews and conducted blind searches for both new and previously identified paradoxes and themes. Two previously identified themes emerged: (1) attempting to maintain coherence in new and old ways and (2) letting go of ultimate control in life. Additionally, three novel themes emerged: (1) interconnection between helpers and hinderers, (2) spiritual edges and tensions, and (3) new paths to empowerment. Results of this qualitative analysis indicate participants experienced previously identified themes and experienced an expanded range of paradoxes. After learning compassionate acceptance through PSIT, breast cancer survivors develop greater access to the multidimensionality of paradoxes, which can go beyond a binary (either/or) construction to a more interdependent (both/and) relationship. Devoting greater attention to investigating and understanding how diverse participants engage with and move through paradoxical change processes could enhance the effectiveness of existential and spiritual interventions.

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Transformation is a profound change process culminating in a fundamental shift in one’s sense of self and way of being-in-the-world. Research on transformation is limited, particularly transformation as a holistic, bodily felt process. A process called Focusing was identified by Gendlin (1981), who formulated how the body participates in personal change and meaning creation. The aim of our study was to explore the characteristics and qualities of transformation by examining 19 published memoirs of people who had gone through a transformational experience via Focusing. Two questions guided the inquiry: What kind of inner environment is necessary for transformation? What are the characteristics and qualities of transformative experiences that unfold through a Focusing-oriented process to weave together a “new kind of person?” Researchers conducted a thematic analysis of the memoirs through a new qualitative method called Felt Sense Inquiry. Results revealed five themes: expanded bodily self, attuned attention, novelty, interactive exchange, and elastic time. Results suggest a way of experiencing that does not divide, but rather connects the person to a unified felt process that unfolds on its own. Future research comparing Focusing with other practices that seem to promote transformation may reveal “common factors” of transformation.