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[1] Climate archives contained in shells of the European limpet, Patella vulgata, accumulated in archaeological deposits can potentially provide much needed information about Holocene environmental change in midlatitude coastal areas. Before reconstructing climate information preserved in these zooarchaeological records, we studied the controls on oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (d 18 O and d 13 C, respectively) in modern specimens. We tested the hypothesis that P. vulgata precipitates its shell in isotopic equilibrium with the ambient water by comparing

[1] We examined the potential utility of Mg/Ca SHELL ratios recorded in shells of the estuarine oyster Crassostrea virginica as a temperature proxy because oxygen isotope ratios (d 18 O) in estuaries are complicated by the simultaneous fluctuation in temperature and salinity, whereas Mg/Ca WATER ratios are assumed to be constant above 10 practical salinity units (psu). We tested this assumption and observed a slight mixing effect between 10 psu and normal marine values emphasizing the need to test this assumption in estuarine settings. Microsamples of shell carbonate were analyzed for d 18 O, d 13 C, and Mg/Ca ratios. Measured d 18 O SHELL and d 13 C SHELL were compared to predicted values to assign dates to shell samples. Once samples and dates were aligned, corresponding temperature and salinity for a particular sample were known, enabling comparison of Mg/Ca SHELL ratios and temperature. When all Mg/Ca SHELL data were compared to temperature, a weak but statistically significant correlation was observed (r 2 = 0.05, p < 0.01). Because date assignments may become increasingly uncertain further back in time and earlier studies identified ontogenetic effects in juvenile portions of shells from other bivalve species, we examined the relationship from only the last year of growth. When only data from the last year of growth were compared, a slightly stronger positive relationship between Mg/Ca SHELL ratios and D Mg (the partition coefficient) emerged (Mg/Ca SHELL , r 2 = 0.30, p < 0.01; D Mg , r 2 = 0.33, p < 0.01). The improved correlation may result from either ontogenetic effects influencing the incorporation of Mg into the younger portion of the shell and/or inaccurate date assignments. Regardless of the cause, our equations are similar to previously published equations for C. virginica and other taxa. Despite the low correlations, our improved relationship supports further study under controlled experimental conditions. Citation: Surge, D., and K. C Lohmann (2008), Evaluating Mg/Ca ratios as a temperature proxy in the estuarine oyster, Crassostrea virginica,

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opened their valves according to the position and illumination of the sun and moon. In P2, however, individuals did not track sun and moonlight, although their gaping activity was regular and synchronized. Likewise, individuals were unaffected by high-frequency (daily) variation in dissolved oxygen and (chl a). Gaping activity was directly influenced by current intensity and direction. The shift between the two patterns and the presence of similar periods of autocorrelation in the activity time series indicate that P. nobilis has an internal clock.