We propose a time‐evolving approach to conduct traveltime seismic tomography in the 1989 Mw 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake and 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake area, California. The recording period of the chosen seismic data between 1 January 1967 and the day before the 2014 South Napa earthquake is divided into two time windows, separated by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. In each time window the subsurface velocity structure is iteratively updated. Starting from the final model of the first time window, the velocity model has been successively improved throughout iterations in the second time window, indicating that the traveltime data of later time windows have provided extra information to refine the subsurface images. Strong heterogeneities are observed in the final P wave velocity model. Both of the two large earthquakes occurred at transition zones in between high VP and low VP anomalies. In all, this study shows the effectiveness of the time‐evolving seismic tomography method.
We describe a novel framework for estimating subsurface properties, such as rock permeability and porosity, from time‐lapse observed seismic data by coupling full‐waveform inversion (FWI), subsurface flow processes, and rock physics models. For the inverse modeling, we handle the back propagation of gradients by an intrusive automatic differentiation strategy that offers three levels of user control: (1) At the wave physics level, we adopted the discrete adjoint method in order to use our existing high‐performance FWI code; (2) at the rock physics level, we used built‐in automatic differentiation operators from the TensorFlow backend; (3) at the flow physics level, we implemented customized partial differential equation (PDE) operators for the multiphase flow equations. The three‐level coupled inversion strategy strikes a good balance between computational efficiency and programming efforts, and when the gradients are chained together, it constitutes a coupled inverse system. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the three‐level coupled inverse problem is superior in terms of accuracy to a traditional decoupled inversion strategy. Additionally, our method is able to simultaneously invert for parameters in empirical relationships such as the rock physics models. Our proposed inverted model can be used for reservoir performance prediction and reservoir management/optimization purposes.
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a highly nonlinear and ill-posed problem. On one hand, it can be easily trapped in a local minimum. On the other hand, the inversion results may exhibit strong artifacts and reduced resolution because of inadequate constraint from data. Proper regularizations are necessary to reduce such artifacts and steer the inversion towards a good direction.In this study, we propose a novel adaptive sparsity-promoting regularization for FWI in the model-derivative domain which exploits nonlocal similarity in the model. This regularization can be viewed as a generalization of total variation (TV) with multi-class learning-based dictionaries. The dictionaries incorporate the prior information of nonlocal similarity into the inversion, exploiting the fact that geological patterns at different places are similar to some others up to affine transformations (translation, rotation and scaling). Such nonlocal similarity priors effectively reduce the degrees of freedom in model parameters, and may also mitigate the problem of local minima. The formulated optimization problem is solved by the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). By interpreting the iterative scheme, we find our method closely connected with image processing techniques and convolutional neural networks (CNN). We test our proposed method on a modified BP 2004 velocity model and a smoothed Marmousi model. Compared with traditional FWI, our technique can better reconstruct sharp edges such arXiv:1803.11391v2 [physics.geo-ph] 6 Aug 2018 2 D. Li & J. Harrisas salt body boundaries, and is also able to effectively reduce artifacts. Compared with TV, our result is less blocky and more geologically realistic. Quantitatively, our result has the highest structural similarity index (SSIM) and also the lowest model mean square error. This proposed method provides a general framework for incorporating nonlocal similarity priors into inversion, and can be applied to other (transformed) domains with the double-sparsity strategy.
We assimilate seismic waveform data to directly invert for intrinsic parameters of subsurface flow (e.g., permeability).• We adopt an intelligent automatic differentiation strategy with customized operators for high computational efficiency and scalability.
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