The Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia delivers six effector proteins into the host cells to block the host innate immune response. One of the effectors, YopT, is a potent cysteine protease that causes the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton to inhibit phagocytosis of the pathogen; however, its molecular mechanism and relevance to pathogenesis need further investigation. In this report, we show that RIG-I is a novel target of the YopT protein. Remarkably, YopT interacts with RIG-I and inhibits rat liver homogenatemediated nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor-3 activation. Further studies revealed a YopT-dependent increase in the K48-polymerized ubiquitination of RIG-I. These findings suggest that YopT negatively regulates RIG-I-mediated cellular antibacterial response by targeting RIG-I.
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