We consider the problem of learning textual entailment models with limited supervision (5K-10K training examples), and present two complementary approaches for it. First, we propose knowledge-guided adversarial example generators for incorporating large lexical resources in entailment models via only a handful of rule templates. Second, to make the entailment model-a discriminator-more robust, we propose the first GAN-style approach for training it using a natural language example generator that iteratively adjusts based on the discriminator's performance. We demonstrate effectiveness using two entailment datasets, where the proposed methods increase accuracy by 4.7% on SciTail and by 2.8% on a 1% training sub-sample of SNLI. Notably, even a single hand-written rule, negate, improves the accuracy on the negation examples in SNLI by 6.1%.
Explaining underlying causes or effects about events is a challenging but valuable task. We define a novel problem of generating explanations of a time series event by (1) searching cause and effect relationships of the time series with textual data and (2) constructing a connecting chain between them to generate an explanation. To detect causal features from text, we propose a novel method based on the Granger causality of time series between features extracted from text such as N-grams, topics, sentiments, and their composition. The generation of the sequence of causal entities requires a commonsense causative knowledge base with efficient reasoning. To ensure good interpretability and appropriate lexical usage we combine symbolic and neural representations, using a neural reasoning algorithm trained on commonsense causal tuples to predict the next cause step. Our quantitative and human analysis show empirical evidence that our method successfully extracts meaningful causality relationships between time series with textual features and generates appropriate explanation between them.
In addition to search queries and the corresponding clickthrough information, search engine logs record multidimensional information about user search activities, such as search time, location, vertical, and search device. Multidimensional mining of search logs can provide novel insights and useful knowledge for both search engine users and developers. In this paper, we describe our topic-concept cube project, which addresses the business need of supporting multidimensional mining of search logs effectively and efficiently. We answer two challenges. First, search queries and click-through data are well recognized sparse, and thus have to be aggregated properly for effective analysis. Second, there is often a gap between the topic hierarchies in multidimensional aggregate analysis and queries in search logs. To address those challenges, we develop a novel topicconcept model that learns a hierarchy of concepts and topics automatically from search logs. Enabled by the topicconcept model, we construct a topic-concept cube that supports online multidimensional mining of search log data. A distinct feature of our approach is that, in addition to the standard dimensions such as time and location, our topicconcept cube has a dimension of topics and concepts, which substantially facilitates the analysis of log data. To handle a huge amount of log data, we develop distributed algorithms for learning model parameters efficiently. We also devise approaches to computing a topic-concept cube. We report an empirical study verifying the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on a real data set of 1.96 billion queries and 2.73 billion clicks.
Emotion is one of human communication' channels; and in this paper -as part of mixed-initiative-emotion is used for triggering user interaction. Three interaction-planning modes which agglutinate seven interaction-types are introduced. This work shows how the existing framework changes by adding emotion to robot. For planning, scripts are used for the implementation of the ideas presented, where emotional expressions reduces the number of interactions.
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