Engineering of 3D graphene/metal composites with ultrasmall sized metal and robust metal-graphene interfacial interaction for energy storage application is still a challenge and rarely reported. In this work, a facile top-down strategy is developed for the preparation of SnSb-in-plane nanoconfined 3D N-doped porous graphene networks for sodium ion battery anodes, which are composed of several tens of interconnected empty N-graphene boxes in-plane firmly embedded with ultrasmall SnSb nanocrystals. The all-around encapsulation (plane-to-plane contact) architecture that provides a large interface between N-graphene and SnSb nanocrystal not only effectively enhances the electron conductivity and structural integrity of the overall electrode, but also offers excess interfacial sodium storage, thus leading to much enhanced high-rate sodium storage capacity and stability, which has been proven by both experimental results and first-principles simulations. Moreover, this top-down strategy can enable new paths to the low-cost and high-yield synthesis of 3D graphene/metal composites for applications in energy-related fields and beyond.

The most challenging issue in the development of metal−air batteries is the insufficient catalytic activity of the cathode toward oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER/ORR). Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-based electrocatalysts have drawn considerable attention for the replacement of noble-metal electrocatalysts. Here, the rational design and synthesis of bimetallic CoNi-MOF nanosheets/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid electrocatalysts is reported. The CoNi-MOF nanosheets were in situ grown onto rGO assisted by the surfactant modulation. The newly developed CoNi-MOF/rGO hybrids, consisting of homogeneously distributed nanosheets encapsulated by rGO, display excellent electrocatalytic activities toward OER and ORR. The much improved bifunctional catalytic performance is ascribed to the synergy among the CoNi-MOF nanosheets and rGO, the abundant exposed active sites, and the enhanced electron conductivity. Moreover, the rechargeable Zn−air batteries with CoNi-MOF/rGO-based air electrodes display high energy density and cycling stability, demonstrating the great potential as advanced bifunctional electrocatalysis in electronic devices.

Progress in soft and stretchable electronics depends on energy sources that are mechanically compliant, elastically deformable, and renewable. Energy harvesting using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) made from soft materials provides a promising approach to address this critical need. Here, an elastomeric composite is introduced with sedimented liquid metal (LM) droplets for TENG‐based energy harvesting that relies on assembly of the LM to form phase‐separated conductive and insulating regions. The sedimented LM elastomer TENG (SLM‐TENG) exhibits ultrahigh stretchability (strain limit > 500% strain), skin‐like compliance (modulus < 60 kPa), reliable device stability (>10 000 cycles), and appreciable electrical output performance (max peak power density = 1 mW cm−2). SLM‐TENGs can be integrated with highly elastic stretchable fabrics, thereby enabling broad integration with wearable electronics. A stretchable and wearable SLM‐TENG is demonstrated that harvests energy from human motion through a patch attached to the knee or integrated into exercise clothing. This body‐mounted TENG device can generate enough electricity to fully power a wearable computing device (hygro‐thermometer with digital display) after 2.2 min of running on a treadmill.

without altering their natural mechanics. [5] These batteries should be compliant and deformable so that they can conform to rounded and irregularly shaped surfaces, such as the contours the human body, and be capable of supplying stable voltage and current under mechanical strain, bending, and dynamic motions. Recent studies have successfully fabricated highly deformable lithium-ion batteries, zinc-air batteries, and supercapacitors. [6][7][8][9][10] However, further progress requires advancements in materials selection and design to address challenges of existing battery technologies: (i) eliminate dependency on rigid electrodes so that batteries can be stretchable rather than only flexible, and (ii) reduce the potential for battery failure/explosion caused by dendrite growth.Metal electrodes that are commonly used in batteries, such as lithium, zinc, aluminum metal anode, or copper current collectors, are rigid and can interfere with the mechanical compliance of soft devices that are designed to be flexible and stretchable. [11,12] One approach to overcoming this challenge is to pattern the metal anode into thin flexible sheets or stretchable spring-like coils or nanowires, which allow batteries to exhibit a strain limit of up to 30%. [13][14][15] Such a deterministic approach to obtain stretchable functionality has been extended to island-bridge architectures. However, such architectures require complex fabrication steps, such as electron beam evaporation and photolithography, that can be time consuming or require expensive equipment. [16,17] Moreover, batteries with wavy structures obtained by prestretching the surrounding substrate could exhibit a reduction in internal conductivity during stretching, which may lead to a decrease in electrochemical performance. [18][19][20][21] Another obstacle to the practical application of metal anode batteries is the formation of dendrites during charging, which can penetrate the separator and result in an internal shortcircuit that causes safety issues. [22,23] Even though dendrites do not penetrate the separator, they hasten adverse reactions between the electrolyte and metal anode, leading to fast electrolyte decomposition, for example, low current efficiency ascribed to hydrogen evolution reaction during zinc-air battery charging process. [24] Modifying the anode, electrolyte, and their interface can suppress dendrite growth. For example, electrolytic additives have been introduced to help form a stable artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI); [25,26] rigid/elastic layer can A rechargeable, stretchable battery composed of a liquid metal alloy (eutectic gallium-indium; EGaIn) anode, a carbon paste, and MnO 2 slurry cathode, an alkaline electrolytic hydrogel, and a soft elastomeric package is presented. The battery can stably cycle within a voltage range of 1.40-1.86 V at 1 mA cm −2 while being subject to 100% tensile strain. This is accomplished through a mechanism that involves reversible stripping and plating of gallium along with MnO 2 chemical conversion. Mor...

An important area of computer vision is real-time object tracking, which is now widely used in intelligent transportation and smart industry technologies. Although the correlation filter object tracking methods have a good real-time tracking effect, it still faces many challenges such as scale variation, occlusion, and boundary effects. Many scholars have continuously improved existing methods for better efficiency and tracking performance in some aspects. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the background, key technologies and algorithms of single object tracking, this article focuses on the correlation filter-based object tracking algorithms. Specifically, the background and current advancement of the object tracking methodologies, as well as the presentation of the main datasets are introduced. All kinds of methods are summarized to present tracking results in various vision problems, and a visual tracking method based on reliability is observed.

Hypoxia contributes to the maintenance of stem-like cells in glioblastoma (GBM), and activates vascular mimicry and tumor resistance to anti-angiogenesis treatments. The present study examined the expression patterns and biological significance of hypoxia-inducible protein 2 (HIG2, also known as HILPDA) in GBM. HIG2 was highly expressed in gliomas and was correlated with tumor grade, and high HIG2 expression independently predicted poor GBM patient prognosis. HIG2 was upregulated during hypoxia and by hypoxia mimics, and HIG2 knockdown in GBM cells inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. HIF1α bound to the HIG2 promoter and increased its expression in GBM cells, and HIG2 upregulated HIF1α expression. Reconstruction of a HIG2-related molecular network using bioinformatics methods revealed that HIG2 is closely correlated with angiogenesis genes, such as VEGFA, in GBM. HIG2 levels positively correlated with VEGFA in GBM samples. In addition, treatment of transplanted xenograft nude mice with bevacizumab (anti-angiogenesis therapy) resulted in HIG2 upregulation at late stages. We conclude that HIG2 is overexpressed in GBM and upregulated by hypoxia, and is a potential novel therapeutic target. HIG2 overexpression is an independent prognostic indicator and may promote tumor resistance to anti-angiogenesis treatments.

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