Early
detection of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial
for effective treatment and prevention of further injury. It remains
challenging, however, because of the lack of activatable indicators
with multimodality imaging capability that could increase the accuracy
of diagnosis by mutual verification. Herein, we report an activatable
probe, FDOCl-22, that enabled dual-modality detection
of the early-stage drug-induced AKI. FDOCl-22 was completely
soluble in water and highly sensitive to hypochlorous acid (HOCl).
Dramatic increases of both near-infrared (NIR) emission and absorption
were observed after reaction with HOCl. A correlation between HOCl
concentration and drug-induced AKI was established using FDOCl-22 as a tool. As a consequence, the HOCl-activated probe was able to
detect the early-stage drug-induced AKI by dual-modality imaging,
irrespective of the drug stimulation time or dosage, by combining
NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging.
Metastatic cancer is difficult to cure because of its uncontrollable nature and side effects during treatment. We constructed a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated smart theranostic prodrug system based on an ROS active site linked with both a targeting group and an anticancer drug for efficient regional chemotherapy of metastatic cancers. The optimized prodrug (Bio-( 8)-MB-CPT) with biotin as the targeting group displayed high sensitivity towards ROS and selectively targeting ability towards cervical cancer cells, showing highly efficient drug release (up to 92 %) in vitro.
Bio-(8)-MB-CPT thus exerted strong toxicity towards cervical cancer cells, but unlike the parent drug (camptothecin),showed no toxicity towards normal cells. Moreover, the prodrug displayed significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo and eradicated the tumor with no obvious side effects (inhibition of the tumor reached up to 99.9 %).
Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanodrugs offer promising opportunities for imaging-guided precision therapy with reduced side effects. Considering that the antitumor effect is closely related to the size of the nanodrugs, it is particularly important to develop a therapeutic system with size adjustability in the tumor microenvironment, which is still a great challenge in the field of nanotheranostics. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated aggregation strategy is reported for imaging-guided precision therapy of tumors. The ROS-activated nanoplatform is constructed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with an HOCl probe on its surface (namely, Au-MB-PEG NPs). The Au-MB-PEG NPs show high sensitivity toward HOCl, resulting in the modulation of surface charge and rapid aggregation of AuNPs, and simultaneous release of methylene blue as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the tumor environment, the aggregated AuNPs ensure higher tumor accumulation and retention. Furthermore, the redshift of the absorption of aggregated AuNPs leads to activated photoacoustic imaging signals and photothermal therapy (PTT) under near-infrared irradiation. Au-MB-PEG NPs thus efficiently inhibit the tumor growth through combined PTT-PDT therapy. This work contributes to the design of stimuli-induced size-aggregation nanodrugs, thereby attaining advanced performance in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Metastatic cancer is difficult to cure because of its uncontrollable nature and side effects during treatment. We constructed a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activated smart theranostic prodrug system based on an ROS active site linked with both a targeting group and an anticancer drug for efficient regional chemotherapy of metastatic cancers. The optimized prodrug (Bio‐(8)‐MB‐CPT) with biotin as the targeting group displayed high sensitivity towards ROS and selectively targeting ability towards cervical cancer cells, showing highly efficient drug release (up to 92 %) in vitro. Bio‐(8)‐MB‐CPT thus exerted strong toxicity towards cervical cancer cells, but unlike the parent drug (camptothecin), showed no toxicity towards normal cells. Moreover, the prodrug displayed significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo and eradicated the tumor with no obvious side effects (inhibition of the tumor reached up to 99.9 %).
Several components of traditional nanoformulations that result in structural heterogeneity, poor reproducibility, excipient-trigged biotoxicity, and low retention of antitumor drugs in neoplastic foci are important barriers limiting clinical translation. We...
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