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A representative physical model depicting the H2S-sensing mechanism in air and H2S environments. Selectivity of the NiOBNG sensor to different interfering gases.

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This paper presents LTCC front-end modules for multi-band applications. A dual-band module composed of a diplexer, a CDMA SAW duplexer, and a GPS SAW filter for CDMA/GPS applications and a tri-band module employing PIN diodes for CDMA/GPS/PCS applications are implemented based on LTCC substrates. The measured results of the dual-band module show that the insertion loss is less than 2.4 dB and 3.5 dB in CDMA Tx and Rx bands, respectively. The insertion of GPS path is about 1.8 dB. The tri-band module provides an insertion loss of less than 0.8 dB and 1.1 dB in CDMA and PCS bands, respectively. The insertion of GPS path is about 0.4 dB. The overall size of both modules is only 4.5 mm x 3.2 mm.

We fabricated fiber-embedded boards using a micro-grooving technique for optical interconnects. This approach is quite cost effective and fully compatible with conventional PCB processes. U-shaped grooves were formed on FR-4 plates using a 90° V-shaped diamond blade. Polyimide-coated glass fibers were inserted in the grooves followed by a conventional lamination process. The 12 fibers embedded in the board showed a good uniformity in their position with a fluctuation below ±8 µm. Optical connection blocks were also fabricated using fiber segments embedded in a grooved silicon wafer piece in order to couple the light between a transmitter/receiver module and a fiber-embedded board. 45° mirrors were formed at the end of the connection blocks by mechanical polishing. An optical link of 2.5 Gb s−1 signals with a high coupling efficiency was demonstrated through the fiber-embedded connection blocks and a board.

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