Among two-dimensional (2D) layered van der Waals materials, ferromagnetic 2D materials can be useful for compact low-power spintronic applications. One promising candidate material is Fe3GeTe2 (FGT), which has a strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and relatively high Curie temperature. In this study, we confirmed that an oxide layer (O-FGT) naturally forms on top of exfoliated FGT and that an antiferromagnetic coupling (AFC) exists between FGT and O-FGT layers. From a first-principles calculation, oxide formation at the interface of each layer induces an AFC between the layers. An AFC causes a tailed hysteresis loop, where two-magnetization reversal curves are included, and a negative remanence magnetization at a certain temperature range.
The composition of an amorphous metal, which is well known for having no slip plane or slip direction, can be tailored for enhanced strength and a lower Young's modulus under mechanical stress. Unlike crystalline metals, elastic amorphous metals can, in principle, be used as a flexible electrode in soft, wearable electronics. A metal with a lattice structure absorbs external energy, which causes structural deformations, while an amorphous metal does not absorb energy. Therefore, amorphous metals have excellent mechanical properties that can overcome the limitations of crystalline metals. However, voids inside such metals are easily formed according to Thornton's model, which results in the formation of mesoporous (10-50 nm) rods due to the spatial separation of metal atoms. We eliminated the porosity in amorphous metals by controlling the kinetic energy of sputtered metal atoms and ions. Optimized Fe 33 Zr 67 has an amorphous structure with a strength of 2.88 GPa and a Young's modulus of 76.6 GPa. With this amorphous metal, we fabricated a stretchable and multi-functional sensor for electronic skin that enables the detection of pressure, temperature and light and also serves as a heater. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of the amorphous metal Fe 33 Zr 67 in soft electronics for use in various industrial applications.
Current-induced magnetic domain wall (DW) motion is an important operating principle of spintronic devices. Injected current generates spin torques (STs) on the DWs in two ways. One is the spin transfer from magnetic domains to the walls by the current flowing in the magnet. Current flow in attached heavy metals also generates another ST because of the spin-Hall effect. Both phenomena explain the wall motions well; therefore, their respective contribution is an important issue. Here, we show the simultaneous measurement of both torques by using magnetic facet domains that form mountain-shaped domains with straight walls. When the STs and the external magnetic field push the walls in opposite directions, the walls should have equilibrium angles to create balanced states. Such angles can be modulated by an additional in-plane magnetic field. Angle measurements distinguish the STs because each torque has a distinct mechanism related to the DW structure.
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