The electrochemical behavior of graphite in KF-AlF 3 -based melt with a cryolite ratio ͑molar ratio of KF to AlF 3 ͒ of 1.3 as well as a low oxygen content at 750°C was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic electrolysis, sampled-current voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry. Aluminum deposited on graphite at a potential of ca. 0.25 V ͑vs Al͒ and the electrochemical intercalation of potassium into graphite occurred at ca. Ϫ0.1 V ͑vs Al͒. The intercalation of potassium into graphite enhanced the formation of Al 4 C 3 . The deposition of aluminum on graphite was a linear diffusion-controlled process, while its reverse reaction involved kinetic limitations. Sampled-current voltammetry results indicated that the aluminum deposition on graphite was depressed in the potential region extending from about 0.1 to 0.03 V ͑vs Al͒. Chronopotentiometry results revealed that the critical cathodic current density for potassium intercalation was about 400 mA cm −2 .
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