Biofilm formation on the surface of materials has brought great troubles to various industries. Designing surfaces with long-lasting antibiofouling properties can help restrain primary bacterial and protein attachment and subsequent biofilm formation for a long time, which is also of great significance for industrial applications. In this work, we successfully prepared fluorinated carbon nanotubes through a one-step fluorination method using fluorosilane and fabricated a superamphiphobic coating using a simple spray method. This coating with ultralow surface free energy and stable micro/nano structures achieved highly efficient and long-term underwater antibiofouling properties. Tea, milk, BSA, and bacterial solution can bounce highly on this surface without wetting the surface in air. The long-term existence of the underwater air-bubble layer on the surface of the superamphiphobic coating was observed. Thus, this surface can effectively resist BSA and bacterial attachment (E. coli), and the efficiency, respectively, reaches 97.5 and 98.2%. Even if it is fully soaked in BSA and BS solution for 120 h, the whole surface is still able to repel water, BSA, and BS solution very well. In addition, the coating possessed excellent wear resistance, the CAs of BSA and BS solution just decreased slightly (higher than 158°), and the sliding angles increased slightly (lower than 4°) after 50 tape abrasion cycles. Therefore, this superamphiphobic coating may have promising applications for marine devices, biomedical materials, protective clothing, and chemical shielding.
Chemical warfare
agents (CWAs) can be absorbed in polymeric coatings
through absorption and permeation, thus presenting a lethal touch
and vapor hazards to people. Developing a highly impermeable polymer
coating against CWAs, especially against organophosphate CWAs (OPs),
is challenging and desirable. Herein, fluorinated epoxy (F-EP) and
epoxy (EP) coatings with different cross-link densities were prepared
to resist OPs. The effects of the polymer coating structure, including
cross-link density, chemical composition and free volume, on the chemical
resistance to dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP, Soman simulant) were
investigated in detail. Meanwhile, the chemical resistance to Soman
and VX was examined. The results reveal that the cross-link density
is a critical factor in determining the chemical resistance of the
coatings. Highly cross-linked EP and F-EP coatings with dense and
solid cross-linked networks can fully bar DMMP and OPs permeation
during the test time. At low or medium cross-link densities, the EP
coating with a lower retention of DMMP exhibited a higher resistance
than the F-EP coating due to the lower interaction with DMMP and smaller
free-volume holes and lower relative fractional free volume. These
results suggest that increasing the cross-link density is a reasonable
approach to control the chemical resistance of polymer networks against
OPs.
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