<p>A common approach to reduce N loss is inclusion of inhibitors with the fertilizer formulation. 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) is the most efficient nitrification inhibitor to date. Most studies to date on the inhibitory effects have focused on the edaphic and environmental variables affecting DMPP efficacy, but very little is reported with respect to the N fertilizer formulation which DMPP applied with. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of urea-ammonium N fertilizers (UA) applied with DMPP on nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions from a restricted paddy soil. N fertilizer (UA) was applied at a rate of 100 mg N kg<sup>-1</sup><sub></sub>dry soil, and DMPP application rates were set as 0 (CK), 0.5% (D1) and 1.2% (D2) of the total N. All treatments were incubated under 20&#8451; and 60% of water-filled pore space (WFPS) over a 10-d incubation period. The dynamic changes in mineral N contents, N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes and cumulative NH<sub>3</sub> emissions were monitored during the incubation. The results showed that<strong> </strong>combined application of UA and<strong> </strong>DMPP dramatically reduced net nitrification rate (N<sub>net</sub>) and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. DMPP decreased N<sub>net</sub> by 56.8% (D1), 68.2% (D2) compared with UA application alone, respectively. The total N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were decreased by 34.2% (D1) and 47.3% (D2), respectively. NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization was significantly increased after DMPP addition, which might be attributed to the increase of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> concentration during the incubation. The cumulative NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization of DMPP treatments increased by 116 - 166% during the incubation period. Our results suggest that DMPP significantly limited nitrification and reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions when applied with UA fertilizers, but this could lead to considerably NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization after application.&#160;</p>
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