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The purpose of this study is to grasp the effectiveness of evacuation safety design by verifying the appropriateness of the standard of occupant load factor for residential buildings. To this end, the definition and current standard of occupant load factor for residential buildings were analyzed, and the problems of the current standard were clarified by interviewing professionals. In addition, changes in occupant load factor were examined by year based on statistical research, and evaluation on the current standard 18.6 m 2 /pers. was performed. As for evaluation methods, the need of redesigning of evacuation capacity was investigated by using evacuation simulation. As a result of the analysis, the most serious problem was clarification of the applicable standard for residential officetel, where the average occupant load factor was 26.1 m 2 / pers., which was not appropriate. However, as a result of evaluation on evacuation capacity, although there was no difference between statistical research results and the current standard in terms of evacuation capacity, when the standard for business facilities was applied to officetel, evacuation time doubled. Thus, this study suggests that when the current standard is applied to residential officetel, it is necessary to separate between residential use and business use.

The purpose of this study is to verify the suitability of the current standards by predicting the density of the occupant load density for discount stores. An internal data survey as well as an actual survey using a People Counting System (PCS) were employed to ascertain the number of occupants and 95% confidence interval of nationwide discount stores. According to the results of the actual survey, the time and days on which the maximum number of occupants were reached was from 16:00 to 18:00 and Christmas Eve and the weekend before New Year's Day, respectively. From the results of the maximum number of occupants, a regression equation was derived from the relationship between the internal data and the amount of sales, and this equation was verified in a previous study. Thus, the internal data of 50 discount stores were analyzed using this process. As a result, the 95% confidence interval was determined to be 2.7~2.9 m 2 /pers. and the error level was not large compared to the domestic and foreign standards. Therefore, this study proposes that a conservative estimate of the standard occupant load density for discount stores is 2.7 m 2 /pers.

There are approximately 290 million blind people worldwide. Among them, approximately 40 million people are severely blind. Although systems and policies have been improved to enhance the convenience of the visually impaired, the standards related to evacuation safety in the case of fire have not been sufficiently improved. Therefore, in this study, to ensure the safe evacuation of the visually impaired in case of fire, domestic fire safety standards were derived by analyzing the development status of a domestic barrier-free system and related manuals based on the characteristics of evacuation behaviors of the visually impaired, as well as by reviewing the cases in the United States and the United Kingdom. As a result, the following measures were derived: 1) improving the display method for landmark elements, 2) customized fire safety education and training for employees, and 3) a plan to develop a personal emergency evacuation planning manual in accordance with the characteristics of a building. It is expected that these objectives can be used to improve fire safety standards and manuals and to develop related technologies for the visually impaired.

This study aimed to obtain the basic data for performance-based evacuation safety designs by surveying the occupant numbers in an exhibition hall using the people counting system (PCS) and to verify the adequacy of the current criteria for occupant load density. To this end, we conducted a nine-month long survey on the exhibition hall to investigate occupant load densities according to the exhibition type. The exhibitions were categorized into two types. The maximum occupant load density of a nurturer exhibition was 6.3 m²/person while that of a general exhibition was 6.1 m²/person. Thus, the maximum occupant load density values were similar for the two types. However, there was a difference in frequency between the two types such that the nurturer exhibitionshowed the occupant load density close to the maximum value. In addition, a slight difference between the results of investigating the occupant load density criteria (0.45-2.8 m²/person, according to building codes such as IBC, BS, and NZBC) and the results of the actual survey was verified.