Using structural equation modeling analysis, this study examined the contribution of vocabulary and grammatical knowledge to second language reading comprehension among 190 advanced Chinese English as a foreign language learners. Vocabulary knowledge was measured in both breadth (Vocabulary Levels Test) and depth (Word Associates Test); grammatical measures focused on learners' implicit (timed grammaticality judgment task), as well as explicit knowledge (grammatical error correction task); reading comprehension had three indicators, namely, co‐reference, textual inference, and gist. Vocabulary knowledge related significantly to reading comprehension; grammatical knowledge showed a weak contribution to reading comprehension after controlling for the effect of vocabulary knowledge. In addition, learners' implicit knowledge of grammar had a stronger relationship to reading comprehension than explicit knowledge, over and above the effect of vocabulary size.

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The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Running head: EFL TEACHERS' PEDAGOGICAL BELIEFS TOWARD ICT

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This study examined the crosslinguistic sharing of morphological awareness (MA) in biliteracy development. The analysis included 34 correlational studies with 41 independent samples (N = 4,104). Correlational coefficients were meta‐analyzed, yielding four main findings: (a) the correlation between first language (L1) and second language (L2) MA was small (r = .30); (b) the interlingual correlations between L1 MA and L2 word decoding and between L1 MA and L2 reading comprehension were both small (r = .35, .39, respectively); (c) the intralingual correlations between L2 MA and L2 word decoding and between L2 MA and L2 reading comprehension were both moderate (r = .46, .52, respectively); and (d) MA measurement type and age were significant moderators. Our review suggests that there is a need for future research to align the definition and measurement of MA.

Background. In spite of considerable advancements in our understanding of the different factors involved in achieving vocabulary-learning success, the overall pattern and interrelationships of critical factors involved in L2 vocabulary learning -particularly, the mechanisms through which learners regulate their motivation and learning strategiesremain unclear.Aims. This study examined L2 vocabulary learning, focusing on the joint influence of different motivational factors and learning strategies on the vocabulary breadth of adolescent learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in China.Sample. The participants were 107 tenth graders (68 females, 39 males) in China.Methods. The data were collected via two questionnaires, one assessing students' motivation toward English vocabulary learning and the other, their English-vocabulary learning strategies, along with a test measuring vocabulary breadth. Results. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that learning strategy partiallymediated the relationship between motivation (i.e., a composite score of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation) and vocabulary learning. Separate SEM analyses for intrinsic (IM) and extrinsic motivation (EM) revealed that there were significant and positive direct and indirect effects of IM on vocabulary knowledge; and while EM's direct effect over and above that of learning strategies did not achieve significance, its indirect effect was significant and positive.

Nine new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, ervatamines A-I (1-9), and five known ones (10-14), were isolated from Ervatamia hainanensis. The new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison to known compounds. Their absolute configurations were determined by various methods including computational methods, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy, as well as chemical transformations. Ervatamine A (1) is a ring-C-contracted ibogan-type monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with an unusual 6/5/6/6/6 pentacyclic rearranged ring system. Ervatamines B-E (2-5) display a nitrogen-containing 9/6 ring system, which is rarely observed in nature. The epimeric ervatamines B (2) and C (3) possess a 22-nor-monoterpenoid indole alkaloid carbon skeleton, which was only found in deformylstemmadenine. Compounds 10 and 14 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities, with IC50 values of 25.5 and 41.5 μM, respectively, while the IC50 value of indomethacin as a positive control was found to be 42.6 μM. Additionally, compound 9 showed mild activity against 786-O and HL-60 cell lines.