A simple and general method in the synthesis of N-alkoxycarbonyl ketimines derived from isatins has been described first. Generally, the enantioselective addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to this kind of ketimine affords chiral 3-amino oxindoles in high yield and excellent ee.

While remarkable progress has recently been made for the direct C−H‐functionalization of azines, its application is still limited by a lack of accessible functional groups (primarily carbon‐based) and poor regioselectivity. In contrast, C2‐functionalized pyridines and quinolines can be easily synthesized by treating readily available N‐oxides with various reagents under appropriate activation conditions. This review seeks to comprehensively document the available synthetic methods for introducing functional groups at the C2 position of pyridines and quinolines. In this work, we highlight recent developments in the C2‐functionalization of pyridine and quinoline N‐oxides and address both the mechanisms and regioselectivity of the reactions. We also describe the pathways and reactive species involved in these processes and highlight a number of medically relevant nitrogen heteroaromatics.

Over the last three decades, the scaffold proteins prohibitins-1 and -2 (PHB1/2) have emerged as key signaling proteins regulating a myriad of signaling pathways in health and diseases. Small molecules targeting PHBs display promising effects against cancers, osteoporosis, inflammatory, cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an updated overview of the various classes of PHB ligands, with an emphasis on their mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. We also describe how these ligands have been used to explore PHB signaling in different physiological and pathological settings.

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