The immunity of a combined DNA vaccine of HSV-2 glycoproteins B2 (gB2) and D2 (gD2) genes in comparison to individual vaccines was studied with regard to protecting against the HSV infection. Two recombinant DNA vaccines of the pHS2-gB2 or pHS2-gD2 were constructed and formulated. The neutralizing antibody titers appeared higher in the B2 : D2 gene cocktail-vaccinated mice than that of the individual B2 or D2 gene-vaccinated group alone, and the positive KOS control induced higher titer of the neutralizing antibody than combined or individual gene vaccines. The mock-immunized mice failed to induce enough. The ranks for the CTL activity and the protection rates against the lethal intravaginal challenge were shown as KOS > B2:D2 cocktail > D2 > B2 gene vaccines. The vaginal external diseases in the B2 : D2 or D-vaccinated mice were significantly reduced against the challenging dosages. The virus titers in the vaginal secretions of the vaccinated mice significantly reduced with time, and the B2 : D2 gene vaccine decreased more than each individual vaccine alone. It can be concluded that the cocktailed vaccines are more effective in the humoral and cellular immune responses in the mice, and in the protection of the mice against the intravaginal challenging dosages when compared with individual gene vaccines. All the DNA vaccines failed to block the latent infection in sensory nerves.
Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for the majority of types of localized solid cancer. However, the risk of side effects to the surrounding normal tissues limits radiotherapeutic approaches. Whilst the mechanism of action of valproic acid, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, remains unknown, the inhibitor is a potential antineoplastic radiosensitizer. The present study demonstrated the in vitro radiosensitizing effects of valproic acid on the human breast cancer MCF7 cell line, and revealed that valproic acid increased the level of DNA breakage, apoptosis and senescence. In addition, western blot analyses revealed that valproic acid induced tumor suppressor protein (p)53 and p21 expression, and activated checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) in MCF7 cells and primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Notably, treatment with valproic acid also induced increases in the level of p21 protein levels and CHK2 activity in p53-null colon cancer HCT116 cells. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that valproic acid-induced radiosensitization was largely dependent on the activity of CHK2. The results of the present study reveal that valproic acid may exhibit clinical utility with respect to increasing the anticancer efficacy of radiotherapy by affecting the level of p53.
In 40 pate in ts with metas t atic brain t umor and acute Iy mphoblastic leukemia received whole brain irradiatio n, the dose de livered to the eyelens was measured using T. L. D. ch ips a pp lied on the eyes as usual shield.The dose to the eye le ns was expressed t he re lati ve dose to the mid brain dose. Radiotherapy was adm inistered using Co.60 teletherapy with bilateral who le brain irrad iation .The resul ts are as fo llows:1. The dose to t he ri ght eye f rom its in c ipi ent fie ld is 16.6% of tumor dose wh il e the dose to the same eye from the opposite fie ld is 4 1. 2 %. On left eye , 19.2% from incipie nt field wh il e 39.2% from the opposite fie ld .2. Tota l rece ived dose to ri ght an d left eyes is 28.9%, 29.8 % of tumor dose respectively.3. Comparing len s shield group w ith o rb it shield group received dose is 22.5 %, 15.8% of tumor dose, respectivel y.4. The dose deli vered to the eye lens in ipsilateral side depends upon inter nal scatte rin g, locatio n of lead shield and penetrat ing dose of lead in itsel f. The dose in co n tralatera l side depends upon divergency of radiation beam and patient's ma lpos ition.5. The dose to the eye len s should be less than 10 % of tumor dose with adequate shield , also not m iss ing t he chance of leptome ninge a l recurrence because of overshi e lding.
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