Wind loads are a primary concern in dome roof structures with openings such as retractable dome roofs. This is because the openings can cause damage to the cladding owing to high internal pressure. In this study, the wind pressure characteristics of a dome with an opening that varied based on the opening, rise–span ratio, and height span were examined by comparing the results from wind tunnel tests with those from previous studies. The negative pressure dominated the internal pressure of the roof in all regions and was not significantly affected by changes in the rise–span and height–span ratios. The reattachment distance of the windward region increased as the rise–span ratio increased, increasing the negative net pressure and decreasing the positive net pressure owing to a relatively large vortex. The roof inclination angle of the leeward region decreased as the rise–span ratio decreased, resulting in a decrease in the negative net pressure and an increase in the positive net pressure owing to a relatively small vortex. Based on the experimental results, a peak net pressure coefficient for cladding design was proposed for an open dome roof with a rise–span ratio of 0.05.
This study investigated the wind pressure characteristics of an elliptical plan retractable dome roof. Wind tunnel experiments were performed on elliptical dome roofs with varying wall height-to-span ratios (0.1-0.5) and opening ratios (0, 10, 30, and 50 %), where the opening ratio was defined as the ratio of the open area of the roof to the total area of the roof. The resulting peak pressure coefficients of the closed dome roof were then compared with those of the Japanese wind load code (AIJ-RLB ( 2015)) as there are no current peak pressure coefficients for the cladding design code of elliptical dome roofs. The resulting peak pressure coefficients for each elliptical retractable dome roof opening ratio were also compared with those for the cladding design of spherical retractable domes proposed in previous research. Finally, based on the results of the comparative analysis, negative and positive peak pressure coefficients were proposed for the cladding design of elliptical retractable dome roofs.
Cladding for dome roofs is often made of membrane materials that are light and easy to install. Due to these characteristics, wind damage to dome roof cladding is very common. In particular, open or retractable dome roofs are prone to wind damage because of inadequacies in wind load calculations. In this study, the wind pressure characteristics of a dome with a central opening were investigated. Wind tunnel tests were performed, and the pressure distribution was investigated by analyzing external and internal pressure coefficients. Based on the experimental results, the peak net pressure coefficients for the cladding design of a dome roof with a central opening were proposed. For the external peak pressure coefficients, the values of leeward regions were similar despite height–span ratios and turbulence intensity values. For the internal peak pressure coefficients, negative pressure was dominant, and the coefficients were not significantly affected by changes in height–span ratio. This tendency locally increased the negative peak net pressure, in which the load acts in the upward direction, and relatively significantly increased the positive peak net pressure, in which the load acts in the downward direction.
Recently, the demand for spatial structures such as retractable dome roofs is increasing. The safety of dome roofs must be ensured even when they are open. Hence, studies analyzing the peak pressure coefficients of spherical dome roofs are actively being conducted. However, no peak pressure coefficients for the cladding design of elliptical retractable dome roofs have been proposed. Although several studies on elliptical open dome roofs that open from the edge to the center have been conducted, studies on those that open from the center to the edge are still insufficient. This study investigated the peak pressure coefficients of elliptical center-open dome roofs. For wind tunnel tests, a model was fabricated with an opening ratio of 30%. Under experimental conditions, five different wall height-to-span ratios (from 0.1 to 0.5) were used, with the roof rise-to-span ratio set at 0.1. Accordingly, the experimental values of the peak pressure coefficients of elliptical center-open dome roofs were compared with those of the closed dome roofs proposed in the Korean and Japanese wind load codes. Subsequently, their efficiency was verified. The findings were also compared with previous research outcomes. Based on the results, peak net pressure coefficients are proposed for cladding designs suitable for elliptical center-open dome roofs.
In this study, the flow patterns and fluctuating wind pressure characteristics around the roof of a spherical dome with a low rise–span ratio (f/D) were analyzed in detail. Significant differences were observed when compared to the results of previous studies on spherical dome roofs with relatively high f/D. The flow-pattern-based zone divisions and zone-specific pressure spectra models proposed in previous studies have limitations when applied to a spherical dome with an f/D ratio of 0.1, which is the subject of this study. Therefore, this study modified and proposed zone division and pressure spectra modeling methods based on the zone division and pressure spectra models of previous studies, and applied them to spherical dome roofs with a low rise–span ratio. Based on spectral statistics, the average error between the measured and simulated spectra was less than 4%, demonstrating high accuracy.
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