Recently, human and property damages have often occurred due to various reasons—such as landslides, debris flow, and other sediment-related disasters—which are also caused by regional torrential rain resulting from climate change and reckless development of mountainous areas. Debris flows mainly occur in mountainous areas near urban living communities and often cause direct damages. In general, debris flows containing soil, rock fragments, and driftwood temporarily travel down to lower parts along with a mountain torrent. However, debris flows are also often reported to stream down from the point where a slope failure or a landslide occurs in a mountain directly to its lower parts. The impact of those debris flows is one of the main factors that cause serious damage to structures. To mitigate such damage of debris flows, a quantitative assessment of the impact force is thus required. Moreover, technologies to evaluate disaster prevention facilities and structures at disaster-prone regions are needed. This study developed two models to quantitatively analyze the damages caused by debris flows on structures: Type-1 model for calculating the impact force, which reflected the flow characteristics of debris flows and the Type-2 model, which calculated the impact force based on the topographical characteristics of mountainous regions. Using RAMMS a debris flow runoff model, the impact forces assessed through Type-1 and Type-2 models were compared to check reliability. Using the assessed impact forces, the damage ratio of the structures was calculated and the amount of damage caused by debris flows on the structures was ultimately assessed. The results showed that the Type-1 model overestimated the impact force by 10% and the Type-2 model by 4% for Mt. Umyeon in Seoul, compared to the RAMMS model. In addition, the Type-1 model overestimated the impact force by 3% and Type-2 by 2% for Mt. Majeok in Chuncheon, South Korea.
Due toclimate change, the average temperature of the Earth continues to increase, while abnormal climate patterns (such as El Niño and La Niña) occur frequently, causing numerous instances of flooding and drought damages. Thus, sophisticated analyses of rainfall-runoff phenomena are needed to reduce the damage caused by these weather disasters. Furthermore, analyzing the impact of extreme rainfall events occurring in a short period of time is essential for flood management. In this study, the Nakdong River, located in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, which is prone to localized heavy rainfall and flash floods, was selected as the target basin to conduct flood-runoff simulation. We used distributed runoff models such as spatial runoff assessment tool (S-RAT) and Vflo TM for this simulation, and compared and analyzed their results. Furthermore, using the same events, the validity and applicability of the S-RAT model has been verified through calibration. The errors of both models were calculated using statistical analysis to examine the domestic basin applicability of the S-RAT model. Address 1287-47 Sangbuk-myeon, Yangsan-si, South Gyeongsang Do Observation Station Soto TM_X TM_Y El (m) 385720.8577 211264.8762 -Address 1287-47 Sotori, Sangbuk-myeon, Yangsan, South Gyeongsang Do
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