Nowadays, economic system scale is continuously extendinging; it has closed to or maybe exceeding the carrying capacity of ecological system. To convert such situation, human beings have to concern about how to maximize material capital service while minimizing ecological capital consumption. One of the approaches is to turn the traditional operating model into environmental operation model, which extends the value-based management idea, explores the relationship of economic and ecological capital efficiency, establishes the ecological capital efficiency analytical system and discovers its driving factors and improving methods.
The high risk of R&D projects has always been a negative factor that discouraged manufacturing industry to develop. However, R&D projects are the inevitable option for manufacturing enterprises to realize a leap-forward development. Thus, the optimal choice for manufacturing business is to apply the R&D project risk management model based on complexity theory, total system intervene theory and the idea on flexible strategy transformation with scientific recognition on R&D risks, involving information degression principle, risk-benefit balancing principle and the probable transformation relationship among the R&D risks.
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