We investigated online diffusion of information, spread of fear, and perceived risk of infection to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) as cases of MERS spread rapidly and dozens of fatalities occurred in South Korea in May-June of 2015. This study retrieved 8,671,695 MERS-related online documents from May 20 to June 18, 2015, from 171 Korean online channels and analyzed such documents by using multilevel models and data mining with Apriori algorithm association analysis. We used R software (version 3.2.1) for the association analysis data mining and visualization. Buzz with negative emotions (i.e., anxiety or fear) was more prevalent in online discussion boards, Twitter, and online cafes than news sites and blogs. News buzz (b = 0.21, p < 0.001), but not rumor buzz (b = 0.06, p = 0.308), was associated with positive MERS emotions (i.e., being calm or composed). The mention of eating immunity-boosting food in the news led to a 94 percent chance of a positive MERS emotion and that such a chance of showing a positive emotion was 4.75 times higher than that without such a mention (support of 0.001, confidence of 0.94, and lift of 4.75). Even with the same precautionary messages that were disseminated, they yielded the opposite emotional reactions to people depending on the channel through which the messages were communicated. In the face of a novel and highly contagious disease such as MERS, the government must deploy a response system that includes provision and dissemination of reliable information and inhibits online diffusion of false information.

Objective: To describe the process of developing a Health Qigong programme for stressed children using a formative evaluation approach. Methods: A multi-step formative evaluation method was utilised. These steps included (1) identifying programme content and drafting the curriculum, (2) synthesising effective and age-appropriate pedagogies, (3) consulting an expert panel, (4) teaching pilot lessons and soliciting feedback from students and (5) revising and finalising the programme. Results: A total of 16 theme-based lessons were generated in order to help children manage stress by imitating interesting plants and animals, such as sunflowers, pine trees, white cranes, tigers, sleeping lions and deer. Five age-appropriate teaching strategies were synthesised to make the programme fun and enjoyable for children. These included (1) using theme-based lesson plans, (2) building mind-body connections, (3) balancing repetition and creativity, (4) interweaving pictures, stories, volunteers and teamwork and (5) involving parents and school teachers. Modifications based on feedback from the expert panel and students were incorporated to make the programme relevant to elementary school settings. Conclusion: This Health Qigong for Stressed Children programme appears effective in reducing stress over a 16-week period. Future studies should explore the efficacy and wider applicability of the programme with a larger and more diverse population of children.

Integr Med Res ( 2 0 1 5 ) 1-41 36 familiarity with lab techniques that were taught in the course (ELISA, p=0.00004, Flow cytometry, p=0.00005) and terminology (p=0.0001) after completion of the course. Analysis of the average of final grades across all students (n=38) is 3.7 (on a 4.0 scale), suggesting most students mastered the course.Conclusion: Overall, this course did appear to augment the student's familiarity and understanding of basic lab skills, and ability to assess biomedical literature. With the development of any new course, there are always challenges and successes, which included mainly time constraints, and addressing skill levels of varied student backgrounds. Students who pursue more in-depth laboratory research projects undergo further one-on-one lab trainings and individual mentorship within the MSiMR program.