Abstract:The paper presents a spatial information system (SIS) developed in the research project, "Tecniche murarie tradizionali: conoscenza per la conservazione ed il miglioramento prestazionale" (Traditional building techniques: from knowledge to conservation and performance improvement), with the aim of archiving and managing the data derived from the project. The research project has the purpose of studying the building techniques of the 13th-18th centuries in the Sardinia region (Italy) for their knowledge, conservation, and promotion. The research is founded on a multidisciplinary approach involving several specialists integrating their expertise and providing their input to the knowledge of the dimensional, technical constructive, mensiochronological, materials, physical-mechanical, and energy performance features. This multidisciplinary approach is used to define the peculiarities and behavior of the examined structures, including their performance levels, and then direct the interventions toward innovative, mindful, and ethically correct solutions. The management of the huge amount of data produced during the research required the building of a SIS composed of a geodatabase connected to a GIS and a WebGIS through a Web Map Service (WMS). The entire infrastructure is developed and implemented using open source software components, and will make the research data available to the scientific and professional communities, both for further development and for technical uses. As of today, we surveyed and archived more than 500 buildings belonging to the Sardinia region architectural heritage, and classified them into four main macro categories: defensive architectures, religious architectures, residential architectures, and industrial architectures.
The research focuses mainly on the extraordinary stratigraphy still evident in the ancient urban walls of Cagliari (Sardinia-Italy). The overall interest of this study lies in the fact that it provides a substantial contribution to the definition of a methodology for the study of the growth and transformation of walled cities. The first objective achieved refers to chronostratigraphy and is the experimentation of a methodology capable of dating bricks and stone masonries and the definition of the relative and absolute chronology of structures. More specifically, by means of an archaeological survey, each architectural stratum has been measured and described in relation to its building materials, state of conservation, stratigraphic relationships, also using the Harris matrix. Furthermore, great effort has gone into documenting those parts of the walls that are still authentic, as recent works carried out on consistent portions of these structures have cancelled some relevant stratifications, particularly those referred to historical restoration works. Regarding the tools used, all data has been stored implementing a web-based database (SICaR) developed by the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage (MIBAC).
The presented work is part of the research project, titled "Tecniche murarie tradizionali: conoscenza per la conservazione ed il miglioramento prestazionale" (Traditional building techniques: from knowledge to conservation and performance improvement). This research project has the purpose of studying the building techniques of the 13<sup>th</sup>&ndash;18<sup>th</sup> centuries in the Sardinia Region (Italy) for their knowledge, conservation, and promotion. The end purpose of the entire study is to improve the performance of the examined structures. In particular, the task of the authors within the research project was to build a WebGIS to manage the data collected during the examination and study phases. This infrastructure was entirely built using Open Source software. <br><br> The work consisted of designing a database built in PostgreSQL and its spatial extension PostGIS, which allows storing and managing feature geometries and spatial data. The data input is performed via a form built in HTML and PHP. The HTML part is based on Bootstrap, an open tools library for websites and web applications. The implementation of this template used both PHP and Javascript code. The PHP code manages the reading and writing of data to the database, using embedded SQL queries. The database is published on the Internet as a WebGIS built using the Leaflet Javascript open libraries, which allows creating map sites with background maps and navigation, input and query tools. This too uses an interaction of HTML, Javascript, PHP and SQL code. The Database can be accessed in QGIS via a PostgreSQL connection. <br><br> As of today, we surveyed and archived more than 300 buildings, belonging to three main macro categories: fortification architectures, religious architectures, residential architectures.
The study contributes to the recognition of the central role of the interface in a restoration project. In fact, boundaries, joints and connections represent the key factor for understanding and interpreting the chronological sequence of the construction in a historical monument and they are the place where the contact of different entities can engender problems of connection and transmission, as well as material, chemical-physical, aesthetic or related to technological compatibility (structural, thermic and hygrometric). In the planning stage, they also intervene decisively in the principles of feasibility such as distinctness, reversibility, current expression and sustainability, which form the theoretical basis of the discipline. One particular case of interface is the one generated by erosion. The text presents the case of erosion of the urban walls of Cagliari, where the phenomenon has been faced by the creation of interesting integration interfaces in the course of time. Particularly, in the case of the 'Porta di Altamira', a scale of the degrees of erosion, useful for the planning of possible units of integration, has been studied. Based on the case study and the theoretical principles of the discipline, the research suggests the stratigraphic process as a standard methodology and operating criterion for the preservation and the restoration of interfaces and for the integration of gaps.
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