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The objective was to examine reliability of pressure and thermal (cold) pain threshold assessment in persons less than 25 years of age, using intra–class correlation (ICC) and coefficients of repeatability and variability. We measured thresholds to pain from pressure algometry and ice placed at the hand and head in 10 healthy volunteers aged 18–25. Intra–rater reliability was examined with ICC. Coefficients of repeatability (CR) and variability (CV) were estimated. Reliability of repeat assessments was high as assessed by ICC, although coefficients of repeatability and variation indicated considerable inter–individual variation in repeat measurements. Pressure algometry and strategically placed ice appear to be reliable techniques for assessing pain processing in young adults. Reliability studies employing ICC may benefit from complementary estimation of CR and CV.

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The main finding is an enhanced hyperalgesic effect of stress on cephalic pressure-pain sensitivity in the CTH sufferers compared with the healthy controls. The results support the hypothesis that stress may contribute to CTH through hyperalgesic effects on already sensitized pain pathways in CTH sufferers.

A new tracer technique for the direct observation of movement and dispersion of estuarine and inshore waters is described. The method utilizes the fluorescent organic pigment, rhodam.ine B, together with a very stable, compact filter fluorometer. The tracer is very satisfactory with regard to stability, cost, toxicity, and detectability. Its nearly unique fluorescent and absorption spectra minimize the effect of natural background so that concentrations as low as 2 x 10-11 have been observed in the field, with expectations that this detection limit can be lowered to 4 x 10-1 2. Advection and diffusion from approximate point sources discharged in Baltimore Harbor, in Conowingo Lake, and in Chesapeake Bay were measured. Theoretical models of hOIizontal diffusion are compared to the observed decrease in concentration with time. 1. TRACER TECHNIQUE