Objective: The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate the red palm olein (RPO) nanoemulsion using spontaneous emulsification method.Methods: Nanoemulsion formulated by spontaneous emulsification method using the comparison of surfactant (tween 80) and cosurfactant (sorbitol) concentration with the variation of RPO concentration. Evaluation of the stability of the nanoemulsion preparation includes centrifugation test, viscosity, pH, organoleptic observation (odor, color, clarity, and phase separation), and particle size measurement during 12 weeks storage at room temperature.Result: The results showed that all nanoemulsion preparations were transparent yellow, characteristic odor, type weights 1.0166–1.0641 g/ml, and stable for 12 weeks storage at room temperature. The smallest particle size was produced by the nanoemulsion preparation in a formula of the concentration of 5%, which was 67, 64 nm.Conclusion: RPO can be formulated as a nanoemulsion by spontaneous emulsification method. RPO with a 5% concentration is very stable for 12 weeks storage.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which related to palm oil production are tend to increase due to the increasing of palm oil demand and the expansion process of oil palm production worldwide. The specific objective of the study was to assess the contribution of innovative biomass processes as effort to improve the energy balance and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) associated with biodiesel made from palm oil. The GHG was calculated that GHG emission savings up to 63.14 % in total. GHG emissions from biochar using empty fruit bunches (EFB) resulted to 2.95 % from total GHG emissions, and biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced 74.22 % of the total GHG emissions from palm oil based biodiesel production. Innovative technologies and processes for the treatment of by-products can contribute significantly for meeting the emission targets. Build upon the research, resulted to the recommendation to use biochar and capturing methane from POME. The research result was also concerned that emission savings are annulled in the case of land use change (LUC) and oil palm production on peatland. Based on this research resulted to recommended that the utilization of waste from oil palm cultivation on peatland which was disuse and the capturing of methane from POME
Base on the estimation to meet the beef needs of Indonesian until 2020 is still imports, because it has not been self-sufficient. To meet the beef needs that continues to increase, one of the strategies undertaken was the development of integration of beef cattle – palm oil. In order to arrange the strategy of developing integration of beef cattle – palm oil that effective and efficient, it is necessary to identify the factors of strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat. The objective of this research is to identify factors of strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats in the development of integration of beef cattle – palm oil in Indonesia. The research method used is survey to locations of integration implementation in several provinces in Indonesia and literature study. This research have identified internal and external factors. Internal factors of strengths is availability of biomass from palm oil industry, availability of adaptive local cattle, and the availability of human resources of breeders. Internal factors of weakness is low productivity of local cattle, and mastery of feed making technology from palm oil biomass is still low. External factors of opportunities is meet the increasing need of beef, the capacity of the palm oil plantation area is still very large, and development of environmentally palm oil plantations. And external factors of threats t is the entry of imported beef is cheaper and more quality, and concern in damaging palm oil plantations.
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