ABSTRACT:Research on race and diagnosis initially focused on black-white differences in depression and schizophrenia. Statistics showing a higher treated prevalence of schizophrenia and a lower prevalence of depression for blacks seemed to support the claim that blacks did not suffer from depression. Others argued, however, that clinicians were misdiagnosing depression in blacks. This article reviews empirical studies of racial differences in individual symptoms and summarizes the evidence on misdiagnosis. It argues that more attention must be paid to resolving two contradictory assumptions made by researchers working in the area of race and diagnostic inference: (1) blacks and whites exhibit symptomatology similarly but diagnosticians mistakenly assume that they are different; (2) blacks and whites display psychopathology" in different ways but diagnosticians are unaware of or insensitive to such cultural differences. The article concludes with suggested research directions and a discussion of critical research issues.

This article examines the determinants of success in self-employment, with a focus on the effects of the time spent caring for children. Many public policies are designed to encourage self-employment, especially among women. In addition, it has been argued that one of the reasons individuals, and women in particular, choose self-employment over wage and salary sector employment is to spend more time with their children. The effect of time spent with children on the probability of continuing in self-employment has not been studied in previous work, however. This study analyzes spells of self-employment among workers in eight European nations. Using data from the European Community Household Panel survey for 1994-1999, we estimate the effect of time spent caring for children on the duration of self-employment, controlling for other factors that affect self-employment success rates. The estimates indicate that caring for children significantly reduces the duration of selfemployment ventures, for both males and females, and in most countries studied. The results suggest that policy makers need to consider child care policies in conjunction with self-employment policies.

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Using data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. From an analysis that controls for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, they find that although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users (both those who engaged in long-term or on-the-job use and those who did not) was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity.