The Theory of Rent has been the focus of heated debate over a number of years—prompted in part by the swing from boom to bust in commercial property markets in cities such as London. Kerr analyses different strands in this debate, revealing that in fact they have much in common. He argues for a return to Marx in order to understand the real dynamics of urban property markets.
The Private Finance Initiative (PFI), introduced by the British government in 1992, marks a potentially significant change in the form and nature of the production, consumption and management of the built environment and of the services delivered through that built environment. This paper provides an outline of the constitution and development of the PFI, but does so in terms of a conceptual framework that situates the national state form and its policy-making process within the changing nature of the global accumulation of capital. It argues that the PFI is a mode of governance through which the state is attempting to restructure itself and, indirectly, class relations, by transforming the social relations of service and infrastructure provision and subordinating them to the discipline of the market.
RÉSUMÉ
Les données statistiques sur les réserves des institutions financières, le nombre des employés et des cheques déposés en banque permet à mésurer les variations spaciaux dans le volume d'activité financière au Canada. Deux fonctions importantes dans la finance, l'assurance et le commerce en valeurs mobilières, aident à définer la caractère du centre financier.
Il est conclu que Montréal et Toronto dominent la vie financière du Canada, et en plus grand mésure qu'elles dominent aucune autre activitééconomique, l'industrie et le commerce en gros inclus. Sur la base de tous critéria, ces centres sont plus importantes que Vancouver, Winnipeg et Calgary. L'accroissement impressive de Toronto, surtout pendant les décades recentes, à excéder le volume de commerce de Montréal, est particulièrement intéressante. Pourtant, l'evidence suggère que quelques segments de leur communautés financières respectives fonctionnent comme une unitéà travers les opérations du marché financièr. L'intense rapport entre les deux communautés financières reflète non seulement ceci, mais, le fait possible.
In this paper I seek to unfold the place of landed property within Japan's postwar uneven development and the way in which this found expression in the 1980s real-estate ‘bubble’ and subsequent 1990s banking crisis. I argue that landed property was both internal to and constitutive of the social relations that marked the specificity of Japan's postwar capitalism. As a national state within the accumulation of global capital, however, Japan's specificity only existed as ‘difference-in-unity’. Furthermore, I suggest that the 1980s real-estate ‘bubble’ and 1990s banking crisis were specific and culminating expressions of changes within the form of those social relations, as mediated by Japan's changing position within the process of global uneven development. Important in this respect was the way in which credit, fictitious capital, and spatial restructuring became precarious expressions of attempts to achieve a temporal and spatial displacement of crisis.
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