Measures of ADLs during hospitalization are stronger predictors of mortality following hospitalization than disease diagnoses. Impaired ADLs and placement other than at home are significant predictors of mortality, suggesting that the decision for nursing home placement contains other independently predictive information within it and/or that the subsequent nursing home period produces excess mortality. As had been indicated in short-term follow-up, there was no survival advantage for the Geriatric Consultation Group.
The authors examined data from the Veterans Integrated Service Network of New York and New Jersey to determine whether the number of veterans who were treated for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increased significantly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. They analyzed the number of veterans treated for PTSD at Veterans Healthcare Administration facilities in New York and New Jersey from September 1999 through June 2002. The number of veterans treated for PTSD in these facilities after September 11 exceeded projections based on secular trends, and the increase was more pronounced than for other diagnostic groups. The results highlight the need to ensure adequate availability of services in the wake of traumatic events.
This essay addresses two aspects of the motorization of Canada between the 1890s and the 1930s: the construction of a domestic automobile industry and of a modern highway system. Both were heavily influenced — to the point of dependency — by American money and technology. American dominance of the Canadian automobile industry (achieved by 1919) is explained by Canadian technological backwardness and the cultural values of indigenous entrepreneurs. It is also argued that American manufacturers and motorists accelerated the motorization of Canadian society, the former through their price cuts, the latter through tourism.
For more than thirty years Toronto has been renowned for the quality and efficiency of its public transportation. Studies have repeatedly described the Toronto Transit Commission or TTC as "probably the finest mass transportation system in the new world." One statistic alone establishes its uniqueness: it was the only North American transit system to increase its total patronage between 1946 and 1971. While not quite as successful as the TTC, mass transit systems elsewhere in Canada have generally out-performed their American counterparts. As a result, analysts have credited them with an important role in making Canadian cities more viable and livable than those of the United States. Yet urban transportation has received scant attention from Canadian historians. But the era of neglect now seems to be passing for a recent article by Michael Doucet in the Urban History Review has attempted to put Toronto's unique development in historical perspective.
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