Abstract:Two experiments were conducted to determine: 1) whether the adult male transgenic sickle cell mouse (Tg58 × Tg98; TSCM), exhibits the patterns of reproductive endpoints (hypogonadism) characteristic of men with sickle cell disease (SCD) and 2) whether hydroxyurea (HU) exacerbates this condition. In Experiment 1, blood samples were collected from adult age-matched TSCM and ICR mice (ICRM) (N = 10/group) for plasma testosterone measurements. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed, testes excised and weighed and stored spermatozoa recovered for the determination of sperm density, progressive motility and percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. In experiment 2, adult male TSCM were orally treated with 25 mg HU/kg body weight/day for 28 or 56 days. Control mice received the vehicle for HU (saline) as described above. At the end of the treatment periods, blood samples were collected for quantification of circulating testosterone. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed, testes and epididymides were recovered and weighed and one testis per mouse was subjected to histopathology. Stored OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 61125 spermatozoa were recovered for the determination of indices of sperm quality mentioned in Experiment 1. Testis weight, stored sperm density, progressive motility, percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology and plasma testosterone concentrations of TSCM were significantly lower by 40, 65, 40, 69 and 66%, respectively than those of ICRM. These data indicate that adult TSCM used in this study suffered from hypogonadism, characteristically observed among adult male SCD patients. In Experiment 2, HU treatment significantly decreased testis weight on day 28, (0.09 ± 0.004g) that was further decreased on day 56 (0.06 ± 0.003g; treatment x time interaction) compared with controls (day 28, 0.15 ± 0.01g; day 56, 2, 0.16 ± 0.01g). Concomitant with a 52% shrinkage (P<0.001) in area of testes in 56 days of HU treatment, testes from HU-treated TSCM exhibited significant atrophic degeneration in the seminiferous tubules compared with controls. Furthermore, treated TSCM had only Sertoli cells and cell debris remaining in most of the seminiferous tubules in comparison with controls. Leydig cell prominence and hyperplasia were more evident (P<0.05) in the steroidogenic compartments of testes of HU-treated TSCM compared with controls. However, plasma testosterone concentrations were reduced by HU treatment (P<0.05; treatment x time interaction) compared with controls on the two time periods studied. Epididymides from HU-treated TSCM sustained a 25% shrinkage (P<0.05), along with 69 (P<0.005) and 95% reduction (P<0.005), in stored sperm density and sperm progressive motility (treatment x time interaction P<0.05), respectively on day 56 of treatment compared with controls. These data demonstrate that TSCM used in this study exhibited SCD-induced hypogonadism, thus authenticating their use for studying the effect of HU on male reproductive endpoints observed in SCD patients. Secondaril...
BY AND SARCOMA of the uterus is a rare tumour, and the great rarity of uterine sarcoma associated with pregnancy is indicated by the fact that search of the literature revealed 9 cases only of this association since 1870. Der Brucke (1 933) found 3 cases recorded in the preceding 60 years. In the first of these, described by Bernardy in 1885, pregnancy ended in abortion in the fifth month, the patient dying shortly afterwards of secondary spread of the tumour. The diagnosis in this case is open to question, as the tumour was said to be "adenosarcoma". In the second case, reported by Eastman in 1897, a 3-months pregnancy was found to be complicated by fibrosarcoma. Panhysterectomy was performed. The third case, described by Nisot in 1922, was diagnosed during the fourth month of pregnancy. Sarcomatous change had occurred in a pedunculated fibroid. Subtotal hysterectomy was performed. The final outcome of the second and third cases is not recorded.To these, Der Brucke (1933) added a fourth case, in which myosarcoma was found in a pedunculated uterine fibroid, which had undergone torsion, and had been removed by myomectomy during the fourth month of pregnancy. Five months later, spontaneous vertex delivery of a normal child occurred. Postnatal examination of the mother revealed no abnormality. Hesseltine (1930) records a case of endometrial sarcoma, diagnosed on the nineteenth day of the puerperium. Panhysterectomy was performed, and a course of deep X-ray therapy was administered. The patient was well 7 months later.
MEDICA.L JOURNAL imaginary disease and worry is iatrogenic and too many examinations may do as much harm as good if they are not combined with attempts at health education. Her average rate of conception works out at eight months after the birth of each baby, and this in spite of her uterine scar. As it is fairly common practice in this country for mothers with uterine scars to be told
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