Diarrhea is one of the major health problems in children, especially children under five in developing countries because the mortality and morbidity rate is still high. In the world, 4 to 6 million children die every year from diarrhea, most of these deaths occur in developing countries. In general, the cause of diarrhea can not be separated from the bacterial infection. Bacteria that cause diarrhea varies by age, place, and time. The purpose of this study is analyzing anaerobic bacterial isolate in patients hospitalized children with diarrhea in general hospital ulin Banjarmasin. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Types of bacteria in pediatric patients in hospitals Ulin Banjarmasin period August-October 2015 at most is Escherichia coli by 26 samples (72.22%), Salmonella typhi by 7 samples (19.44%), and Shigella sp by 3 samples (8, 33%). Keywords: aerobic bacterial isolate, hospitalized children, diarrhea Abstrak: Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama pada anak terutama balita di negara berkembang karena angka kematian dan kesakitannya masih tinggi. Di dunia, sebanyak 4 sampai 6 juta anak meninggal tiap tahunnya karena diare, dimana sebagian besar kematian tersebut terjadi di negara berkembang. Pada umumnya penyebab diare tidak terlepas dari infeksi bakteri. Bakteri penyebab diare berbeda-beda berdasarkan umur, tempat, dan waktu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengidentifikasi isolat bakteri aerob diare pada pasien diare anak yang dirawat di RSUD Ulin Periode Agustus – November 2015. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel diambil adalah feses dari seluruh populasi anak penderita diare yang dirawat di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin dengan menggunakan metode total sampling. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa jenis isolat bakteri pada pasien anak di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin periode Agustus – Oktober 2015 dengan total 36 sampel paling banyak adalah Eschericia coli dengan jumlah 26 (72,22%) sampel, Salmonella typhi dengan jumlah 7 (19,44%) sampel, kemudian Shigella sp. 3 (8,33%) sampel. Kata-kata kunci: isolate bakteri aerob, anak yang dirawat, diare
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metal. Numerous tissues both in vitro and in vivo suggest that Cd induced lipid peroxidation. The presence of antioxidant can inhibit this process. This present study was designed to determine the effects of mango, papaya, and banana juices on malondialdehyde levels (MDA) during Cd exposure in vitro. The result of this study showed that there were a significant difference MDA level between three selected fruits juices. The result of this study also showed the significant differences MDA level between the concentration of each fruit juices. The highest correlation was found between banana juices and MDA levels with IC50 1.12 and followed by papaya and mango juices with IC50 1.37 and 3.87 respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the three selected fruits juices may exert its protective action against Cd-induced lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate in vitro possibly through its antioxidant mechanism.
Background: Stenochlaena palustris, also known as kelakai or lemidi, is frequently linked to anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and antioxidant properties. S. palustris phytosterols are suggested to suppress the progression of breast cancer. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of phytosterols found in S. palustris to act as estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitors. Methods: Phytosterols (alpha-tocopherol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, fucosterol) were docked to estrogen receptor (PDB ID: 7KBS). Molecular docking parameters included Gibb's free energy and interactions between ligand and protein. ADMET properties were analyzed using pkCSM and SwissADME. Results: Alpha-tocopherol showed the highest interaction with the estrogen receptor with ΔG value -8. 9254 kcal/mol (the native ligand, raloxifene, had a G value of -12.052 kcal/mol). Leu387 (hydrogen bond); Phe404 (Phi-phi-T shaped), Leu391, Leu346, Trp383, Leu354, Ala350, Leu525, Leu349 (Alkyl) were among the residues by which a-tocopherol interacted with ER. Alpha-tocopherol has no hepatotoxicity and no skin sensitization. Conclusion: By suppressing ERa, phytosterols from S. palustris may have potential anti-breast cancer activity and may be used to prevent estrogen-dependent human cancers like breast cancer.
Low back pain is a very common health problem and can affect the quality of life. Pain that arises in low back pain can be either nociceptive pain or neuropathic pain. This literature review discusses the neuropathic pain component of low back pain. This review uses a narrative review method. The articles were obtained from keyword searches in the Science Direct, PubMed, and ProQuest databases with a publication range of 2011-2021 in Indonesian or English, and research on the components of neuropathic pain in low back pain. Of the eight articles included in this literature review, the prevalence of neuropathic pain in low back pain was 2.8% - 65.3%. Neuropathic pain can be ruled out using LANSS, DN4, and PDQ. Low back pain with neuropathic pain had symptoms of burning (34.58% - 82.9%), pinpricks (31.77% - 78%), tingling (32.71% - 84.8%), numbness (42.05% - 97%), electric shock (38.97% - 78%), itching (16.82% - 42.4%), cold sensation (12.15% - 48.5%), allodynia (19.62% - 85.4%), 61% hyperalgesia, 14.6% autonomic dysfunction, 100% had dysesthesia, and 100% experienced a decrease in tenderness/prickling. Radicular low back pain is often caused by L5 or S1 root compression and rarely L4. Neuropathic low back pain can be based on an assessment of the symptom profile. Associated risk factors are older age, being a female, greater anthropometric status, the habit of drinking alcohol, smoking, and history of previous lumbar, abdominal or pelvic surgery
Chronic tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsil was settled as a result of recurrent of acute or subclinical infection which is marked by the widening of the tonsil crypts and size can be enlarged (hypertrophy) or shrink (atrophy). Otitis media effusion is a state of the serous secretion in the middle ear with an intact tympanic membrane without symptoms and signs of acute inflammation. Primary mechanism that role in the occurrence of otitis media with effusion is eustachian tube disruption, and it is could due to enlarged tonsils. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between chronic tonsillitis and otitis media with effusion in otorhinolaryngology (ENT) at Ulin general hospital Banjarmasin in 2014. The study was an observational analytic with cross sectional approach. Samples were 526 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Relationship between chronic tonsillitis and otitis media with effusion was tested using Fisher test with Epi info application and the result showed that p=0,245. It was concluded that there is no relationship between chronic tonsillitis and otitis media with effusion.Keywords: chronic tonsillitis, otitis media with effusion Abstrak: Tonsilitis kronis adalah peradangan tonsil yang menetap sebagai akibat infeksi akut atau subklinis yang berulang yang tandai oleh adanya pelebaran kripta dan ukuran tonsil yang dapat membesar (hipertrofi) ataupun mengecil (atrofi). Otitis media efusi adalah sebuah keadaan adanya sekret nonpurulen di dalam telinga bagian tengah dengan membran timpani yang utuh, tanpa adanya gejala dan tanda inflamasi akut. Mekanisme utama yang berperan dalam terjadinya otitis media efusi adalah terganggunya fungsi tuba eustachius, salah satunya akibat ukuran tonsil yang membesar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tonsillitis kronis dan otitis media efusi di bagian THT RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 526 orang pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil uji Fisher dengan aplikasi Epi info, didapatkan p=0,245. Kesimpulan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tonsilitis kronis dan otitis media efusi di bagian THT RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin tahun 2014. Kata-kata kunci: tonsilitis kronis, otitis media efusi
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