No abstract
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In this study, we investigated the relationships between the thermal properties versus maturity and fineness (H) of 80 selected cotton fiber samples. The instrument measurements for maturity and H were (1) micronaire as determined with a high-volume instrument, (2) maturity ratio and H as determined with an advanced fiber information system, and (3) gravimetric H as determined by the cutand-weigh method. Three regions of thermal decomposition were observed between 37 and 1508C for region I, between 225 and 4258C for region II, and between 425 and 6008C for region III. Complete decomposition of the fiber occurred at 6008C. The results showed significant effects of the H/maturity indicators on the weight loss and the peak temperatures in regions II and III. High micronaires (coarse or very mature fibers), high maturity ratios, and low standard H values were associated with low weight losses. However, high weight losses were associated with high primary cell wall areas per unit mass.
Seventeen cotton samples with small-to-moderate stickiness contamination were created by mixing sticky cottons with non-sticky cottons, and then processed through ring and rotor spinning. Trehalulose contents ranged from 0.002% to 0.034% of the fiber weight (corresponding to 1.8% and 16.8% of the total sugars), while melezitose contents ranged from 0.023% to 0.071% (corresponding to 10.5% and 22.5% of the total sugars). High-speed stickiness detector (H2SD) readings of the card slivers ranged from 2.0 to 15.7. At these relatively low levels of contamination there was no correlation between ends-down in spinning and H2SD readings. Results showed that in the short term, less than 12 H2SD spots within a mix of cotton does not seem to influence spinning productivity on either ring (Saco-Lowell SF-3H) or rotor (Rieter R20) systems. A slight, but significant, negative effect on the ring-spun yarn quality was found even at low levels of stickiness. In the long term, it appears likely that even very small amounts of trehalulose slowly contaminate the equipment. This accumulation of sugars would be expected to have a cumulative, negative impact on both productivity and yarn quality.Stickiness is a worldwide contamination problem, as shown by the International Textile Manufacturers Federation (ITMF) Cotton Contamination Surveys [8]. For the period 1989 -2001, the average degree of contamination with stickiness of the world production was 22%, with a minimum of 18% in 2001 and a maximum of 27% in 1991.Sticky cotton contaminates textile equipment, such as opening lines, cards, drawing, roving and spinning frames [1]. The contaminants are mainly sugar deposits produced either by the cotton plant itself (physiological sugars) or by feeding insects (entomological sugars), with the latter being the most common source of stickiness [7]. The main honeydew-producing insects that infest cotton plants are cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii (Glover). Whiteflies and aphids are both sap-sucking insects that feed by inserting their long and slim stylets into the leaf tissues. The sap is digested and the excreta discharged as honeydew droplets. The honeydew attaches itself to the leaves and the fibers of opened bolls. The ginning process may scatter the honeydew, making it more difficult to detect by visual inspection [4]. The composition of insect honeydew is quite complex. Hendrix et al. reported that only a few of the sugars in whitefly or aphid honeydews are found in the insect diet; most sugars in these secretions are produced by the insect from phloem sap. Among those sugars, melezitose and trehalulose are specific to insects and are not found in the plant [5]. The presence of these sugars on the lint reveals that the contamination is coming, at least partially, from insect honeydew. A high percentage of melezitose along with a low percentage of trehalulose reveals the presence of aphid honeydew. When both melezitose and trehalulose are present and trehalulose is dominant, whitefly honeyde...
No abstract
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