This study explored the long-term psychological effects of reeducation camps among 14 Vietnamese ex-military men currently living in the United States. Using Consensual Qualitative Research Method ology (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997), we investigated perceptions of masculinity, adjustment, posttraumatic stress, forgiveness, and posttraumatic growth. Qualitative results show that for these men, (a) their sense of masculinity did not diminish while in camp; (b) there were no changes in family dynamics after returning from camp; (c) they were still experiencing nightmares of their experiences during war and imprisonment in camps; (d) they experienced mixed emotions about forgiveness; and (e) for them, enduring the camps strengthened their character and built a lasting appreciation for life. Implications for counseling and research are discussed.
for their time, recommendations, and encouragement throughout the dissertation process. I would also like to extend thanks to the entire Turvey COPE research team for their dedication to the clinical intervention and research conducted to serve older adults diagnosed with chronic illness, as well as their support and assistance with dissertation data collection. Also, thank you to my undergraduate research professor, Dr. Walter Davis, for setting a strong foundation and springboard for my academic and research success. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to express gratitude to my family and friends. My grandmother, Shirley (Mimi) Bolden, encouraged and inspired me to set high goals and become a first-generation college student and ultimately seek and attain graduate education. I appreciate the patience and motivation provided by my mother, Norma Casper, brother, Michael iii Casper, and aunt, Wanda Casper, as well as many other family members. Thank you for keeping me grounded and reminding me to laugh and enjoy the ride. To my near and dear graduate school friends and colleagues, Christopher Nguyen, Angel Cheng, and Lauren Levy, this journey would not have been the same without you, I am so blessed and honored to call you friends, colleagues, and family.
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