Dans la région de N'Djaména, la présence de colonies de Cyanophycées psammophiles (Scytonema sp.) a été relevée sur de nombreux pâturages. Cette présence semble liée à une diminution de la biomasse herbacée par imperméabilisation de l'horizon superficiel. Dans le cadre de cette hypothèse, elle serait à l'origine d'une accélération des processus érosifs, en facilitant le ruissellement d'une part et en diminuant la protection des sols réalisée par les pailles d'autre part. Par ailleurs, il apparaît que la présence de l'algue est liée à un certain appauvrissement du cortège floristique; ce phénomène marquerait donc le début de la dégradation des pâturages sur sable et aurait valeur d'indicateur
Most protected areas in Western Africa are challenged by seasonal mobile livestock, either on short or long distance, through forage competition, water resources, illegal killing, and disease transmission. Impacts of livestock transhumance have been very dramatic in terms of population dynamic and behavior, especially of large mammals. To understand the roots of the growing conflicts between park managers, pastoralists, and farmers, various studies were carried out with a main focus on Regional Park W (Niger, Burkina, Benin). This article summarizes these stakeholders' points of view and describes some possible solutions for addressing human-wildlife conflict in this park. Solutions include a vision for land use management that takes into account the protection of biodiversity and seasonal migration for livestock and wildlife. Also explored are mechanisms of negotiation at the local and regional levels including the need for involving pastoral representatives.
New Caledonia, a French territory in the south-west Pacific has a very high number of endemic taxa. The endemic fauna include a monotypic genus of parakeets – Eunymphicus. One subspecies, Eunymphicus cornutus uvaeensis, which is endemic to the island of Ouvéa in the Loyalty Islands, is seriously threatened by degradation of its natural habitat, natural predators and capture for sale to collectors. There are now only 200–500 individuals left in the wild. The parakeet is the emblem of Ouv–a and local people, together with research scientists, have formed a society with the aims of studying the parakeet in its natural environment, making the general public aware of its conservation requirements, combating smuggling, increasing its population by breeding it in captivity and, if possible, introducing it on to a neighbouring island.
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