The debate among economists over the scope of state intervention in economic processes has a long history. After periods in which laissez-faire theories were dominant, views that promoted the active participation of the state in economic life increasingly came to the fore. Economic theory and business practice, both subject to fluctuations, have sometimes preferred the first approach and sometimes the second. The modern state operates in an increasingly globalized, dynamic, and turbulent environment. This changeable environment, the diversity of development levels, and the emergence of new institutions urge a redefinition of its role in modern economies. This paper contributes to the debate on the challenges and economic role of modern state and identifies some of those challenges.
Abstract. Th e protection of intellectual property still remains an important problem and a future challenge both for developed and developing countries. Th e international law has created many rules and recommendations connected with intellectual property protection. But even perfectly-created national legal system is worthless when the execution of law is inappropriate. Th e legal systems which are responsible for the protection of property rights in China and India are similar to systems implemented in Western economies and in the USA, however, there are some major diff erences. But the IPR protection in analyzed countries is perceived and evaluated negatively by all institutions and these countries are the main international sources of piracy and counterfeit goods. Th e article also tries to show and explain the diff erences in assessment of IPR protection in China and India and then lists and describes some of factors infl uencing the lack of appropriate protection of intellectual property rights in these countries in the twenty-fi rst century.
Motivation: Nowadays in economic literature we can observe the increasing popularity of the concept of intellectual property. Nevertheless, this growth is not accomplished by solving conceptual problems. The number of existing definitions, considerations about the intellectual property among intangible resources and descriptions of its characteristic features is enormous. Therefore, in-depth studies on concept of intellectual property are necessary from the point of view of economics and law. Aim: The main purposes of the paper are: to place intellectual property in the area of intangible assets and to specify and describe its specific features. The paper also tries to answer the question: is intellectual property a private, a public or a club good. Results: The paper discusses the differences and relationship between such economic concepts as: property, intangible goods, tangible goods and intellectual property. It exemplifies and describes specific features of intellectual property, and also discusses situations in which intellectual property can be perceived as a private good, a public good or as a club good.
SummaryNowadays proper protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) is particularly important for strengthening and accelerating economic growth and development. Contemporary society is in transition, from community which wealth is based on tangible assets, to a community which relies mainly on intangible resources. IPR are understood as an institution which guarantees the access to these resources and secures the legal rights of owners. In modern world there are many factors which influence the necessity of stronger IRR protection. Some of them appeared especially during times of economic slowdowns, when the IPR are specially exposed to illegal actions. If the legal system is properly organized and the law is enforced the intellectual property rights seem to be secure. Unfortunately the process of globalization, lack of technical barriers in information flow, decreasing purchasing power of households and poor economic situation of firms operating in competitive environment increase the uncertainty and possibility of illegal actions especially during recession.The main aim of paper is to identify the channels through which financial crisis affected world economy and intellectual property rights protection. It can be done by describing mutual relationship between the IPR protection and business cycle, mainly phases of recession. The first part of the paper shows the current state of knowledge. Then in the second part the main analyzed economic categories are briefly described.Bochańczyk-Kupka D., The institution of intellectual property rights protection in the face of economic crisis, "Ekonomia i Prawo.
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