Biology learning in the 21st century leads to the empowerment of metacognitive skills. Increased metacognitive skills can support concept understanding and maximize the students' retention of concepts. This research aimed at investigating the effect of project-based learning strategy on metacognitive skills, concept understanding and retention of class X students of Senior High School 1 Kairatu, West Seram District, Maluku. This research is a quasi-experimental research using pre test-post test nonequivalent control group design. The samples of this research were all students of classX1 of Senior High School 1 Kairatu. The data obtained in this research were the learning results of metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention of the students. The data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The research results showed that the implementation of project-based learning strategy had a significant effect on students' metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention. Furthermore, the results of post hoc LSD test showed some differences in the notation between the project-based learning strategy and the conventional learning strategy. These results indicated that the learning stages of projectbased learning strategy could empower the students' metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention.
This research aims at determining the effect of learning models on motivation, creative thinking skills, and cognitive learning results of students of Senior High School 6 of Ambon, Indonesia. This research is quasi-experimental research using a non-equivalent pretest-post-test control group design. The subjects of this research were class XI Science students with a total number of 40 students. One group was taught by using the Modified Problem Based Learning (M-PBL) and the other group was taught by using the discovery learning model. Research data were collected using test and non-test instruments. The data were analyzed by using ANCOVA with a significance level of 5%. The results of the analysis show that the significance value of the learning model towards students' learning motivation and cognitive learning results was 0.000<0.05. The significance value of the learning model towards students' academic skill was 0.000<0.05. The significance value of the learning model towards students' creative thinking skills was 0.030<0.05. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of the M-PBL learning model has an effect on students' learning motivation, creative thinking skills, and learning results better than that of the discovery learning model.
The heavy metal pollution in marine environment is caused by industrial and mining waste (Gümgüm et al., 1994), geographical, industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical, domestic, and atmospheric wastes (He et al., 2005;Tchounwou et al., 2012). According to Şireli et al. (2006) and WHO (2008), heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and cuprum are toxic, and are mostly found in marine environments. In addition, the heavy metals in marine environments cannot be degraded, and can accumulate in organisms through industrial, atmosphere, soil, water cycles and food chain processes (Ziyaadini et al., 2017;Rodríguez et al., 2015;Monsefrad et al., 2012;Naghshbandi et al., 2007).A lot of research has been conducted on the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in marine environments and various biota, for example, the research on the heavy metal contamination in water and sediment conducted by (Bhuyan et al., 2017;Varol and Sen, 2012), and the research on heavy metal concentrations in Oysters (Crassostrea sp) in Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu (Shaari et al., 2016). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in water
The low motivation and cognitive learning outcomes of students can be caused by errors in the selection and use of learning models in the class. This study aims to determine the effect of discovery video learning and problem-based learning model (PBL) on motivation and learning outcomes of class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Ambon. The research method used was a quasi-experimental research design using a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The sample used was grade X MIPA-6 and X MIPA-7 students. The instrument used was a questionnaire containing 30 items to measure motivation and 60 multiple choice questions to measure cognitive learning outcomes. Motivational data and student learning outcomes were analyzed with the ANCOVA test. The results showed that there was no effect of the discovery-assisted learning model and the PBL learning model on student motivation (p> 0.742). But there is an influence of learning models of learning with the help of the discovery and PBL learning models on cognitive learning outcomes (p <0.003). The conclusion of this study, the discovery learning model and PBL learning model do not affect motivation but affect cognitive learning outcomes.
This research aims at investigating the effect of Complex Instruction integrated with Team Product (CITP) learning model on students' creative thinking skills, critical thinking skills, metacognitive skills, scientific attitudes, cognitive learning results, and retention. This research used quasi-experimental design with pretestposttest nonequivalent control group design. This research was carried out in several Senior High Schools in Ambon, namely SMA 1 Ambon, SMA 4 Ambon, SMA 5 Ambon, SMA 13 Ambon, and SMA Kristen Ambon in the even semester of the academic year 2017/2018. The results of the research were analyzed using ANCOVA. A post hoc LSD test was also performed if there were differences in each variable. The results of the research show that the CITP learning model affects creative thinking skills, critical thinking skills, metacognitive skills, scientific attitudes, cognitive learning results, and retention of class X senior high school students on Ecosystem learning material. The syntax of the CITP learning model can improve students' creative thinking skills, critical thinking skills, metacognitive skills, scientific attitudes, cognitive learning results, and retention compared to the learning model commonly implemented by the biology teachers.
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